科学美国人60秒:猩猩选择饮料-托福听力下载

　　科学美国人60秒中文翻译：

　　This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Jason Goldman. 这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。

　　Imagine you had never tasted lemonade. 假设你从未尝过柠檬汽水，

　　You would still probably assume that lemon juice mixed with sugar tastes better than lemon juice alone. 但你或许仍可以推测出柠檬汽水加糖比单喝柠檬汽水要好喝。

　　Because you know what lemons taste like, and you know what sugar tastes like. 因为你知道柠檬是什么味道，也知道糖是什么味道。

　　You can recall those past experiences, and make a prediction about your response to something new. 你可以回忆过去的经验，预测一下你对于新事物会有什么反应。

　　Researchers call the ability to predict our future emotional state "affective forecasting." 研究人员将这种预测未来情感状态的能力称为“情感预测”。

　　And some have suggested that the skill is unique to humans. But is it? 一些研究人员认为这种能力是人类特有的。但是真的是这样吗?

　　"We combined different liquids and asked participants, the orangutan and the humans, “我们将不同的液体混合，让猩猩和人类等参与者

　　to predict how such novel liquid combinations taste like, and whether they prefer one or the other." 来预测这种新型液体的味道，以及他们偏爱哪种组合。”

　　Lund University cognitive scientist Gabriela-Alina Sauciuc. 加布里埃拉·艾琳娜·索西尤克是隆德大学的认知科学家。

　　She and her colleagues offered their cocktails to a 21-year-old male Sumatran orangutan named Naong, 她和同事将制作的混合液体给名为Naong的21岁雄性苏门达腊猩猩品尝，

　　who lives in Sweden's Furuvik Zoo. 这只猩猩住在瑞典富鲁维克动物园。

　　They used four ingredients—cherry juice, rhubarb juice, lemon juice, and diluted apple cider vinegar— 他们用了4种原料，分别是樱桃汁、大黄汁、柠檬汁和稀释的苹果醋，

　　which they combined into six unfamiliar mixtures. 他们将这些原料和6种不常见的混合物组合起来。

　　Altogether, that made for 24 possible comparisons of one drink against another. 他们一共可以制成24种不同的饮料以进行比较。

　　Naong watched the researchers mix his drinks. Naong看着研究 人员混合饮料。

　　Then he got to choose from the two set before him. 然后它从自己面前的两排饮料中进行选择。

　　And in 21 of the 24 trials, Naong matched the researchers' predictions: 在24次试验中，有21次Naong的选择和研究人员的预测一致：

　　that his choice would be based on his relative fondness for the separate ingredients. 它会选择它比较喜欢的原料。

　　For example, since he liked rhubarb juice better than lemon juice, 比如，比起柠檬汁，它更喜欢大黄汁;

　　he also preferred rhubarb-cherry juice to lemon-cherry juice—despite having had no experience with either. 比起柠檬樱桃汁，它更喜欢大黄樱桃汁，尽管它从未尝过这两款饮料。

　　"We were impressed with Naong's ability to be so consistent in his choices." “我们对Naong如此一致的选择能力感到非常吃惊。”

　　From a statistical perspective, the orangutan data was indistinguishable from human data. 从统计数据来看，猩猩的数据和人类的数据没有区别。

　　Both species seemed to make consistent choices about future events even if they had no prior experience to guide their decision-making. 如果没有先前的经验对做决定进行指导，这两个物种对于未来的选择是一致的。

　　"An ability which was previously thought to be uniquely human presumably has evolved earlier, “此前这种能力被视为人类所特有，而这种能力的进化时间可能要更早，

　　so that it's shared with orangutans and presumably with chimpanzees as well." 所以猩猩也具有这种能力，而且可能黑猩猩同样有这样的能力。”

　　It's a single study with a single orangutan. 这是针对一头猩猩所做的单独实验。

　　But it may be that we will soon mark yet another skill off the list of things that were once thought to be the sole domain of our species. 但是不久之后曾经被视为我们人类所特有的能力可能又会减少一项。

　　Perhaps what's truly unique about us is our ongoing quest to find something unique about us. 也许我们人类真正独一无二的能力是我们可以继续寻找自身独特的事物。

　　Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Jason Goldman. 谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。

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