科学美国人60秒:大脑对重复驾驶路线的反应-托福听力下载

　　科学美国人60秒中文翻译：

　　From the backseat of a cab, the moves a driver makes may at times seem, let's say, daring. 从出租车的后座看过去有时候司机的举动有些胆大。

　　In fact, cabbies may actually be better, more agile drivers than the rest of us. 实际上出租车司机实际上会比我们的反应还要好。

　　Because they know their streets so well. 因为他们对路况已经了如指掌。

　　Previous research found that the hippocampus in the brain of a typical cab driver is enlarged. 先前的研究发现一名普通出租车司机大脑中的海马体有增大的迹象。

　　That's the part of the brain used in navigation. 而海马体就负责导航功能。

　　But now a study confirms that learning detailed navigation information does indeed cause that part of the brain to grow. 但现在的一项研究证实掌控具体导航信息的确会使得大脑的海马体增大。

　　The findings are in the journal NeuroImage. 这项研究已经在《神经影像学》杂志上发表。

　　Researchers had young adults who were not regular gamers play a driving simulation game. 研究人员要求平时并不怎么接触游戏的年轻志愿者们游玩模拟驾驶的游戏。

　　Some practiced maneuvering the same route 20 times, while other players were confronted with 20 different routes. 这些志愿者被分为实验组及对照组，实验组游玩同一条路线20次，而其他人则面对的是20条截然不同的路线。

　　The participants'brains were scanned before they performed the simulated driving and again after. 而在游玩模拟驾驶游戏前后，研究人员都对参与者的大脑进行了检查。

　　Researchers found that subjects who kept repeating the same route increased their speed more than those driving multiple routes. 结果研究人员发现相比游玩不同的路线对照组，游玩同样路线的驾驶者们会明显增加速度。

　　The single-route drivers were also much better able to put in order a sequence of random pictures taken along the way and to draw a map of the route. 而在排序路线沿途拍摄的随机图片及绘制地图方面，游玩同一路线的驾驶者表现也更为出色。

　　The investigators also found increases in the single-route drivers in the functional connectivity between the hippocampus and other parts of the brain involved with navigation. 研究人员也发现同一路线驾驶人员的海马体及与导航定位相关大脑其它部位的功能连接也随之增加。

　　And the amount of change was directly related to the amount of improvement each participant displayed. 而这种变化会随着驾驶者的参与逐渐得到改善。

　　These findings may explain why your Uber driver can eventually get you from point A to point B, 这样的发现解释了为什么优步的司机最终总能将你从A地送往B地，

　　but may lack the seemingly effortless mental flexibility that a yellow cabbie displays on the streets. 但他们可能缺乏黄色出租车司机驾驶汽车的灵活机动。

　　Veterans have been there, done that—and their brains show it. 那里的出租车司机都是退伍军人—他们的大脑早就清楚的标记了地图。

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