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小托福考试中的工业革命解析

2019-03-18 10:08:26来源:新东方 雷碧珊

  工业革命Industrial Revolution大家都有所了解,但是小托福里面的工业革命会涉及到哪些方面呢?今天小编和大家一起看一下。

来源:新东方 雷碧珊

  学习小资料一

  The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were of British origin.By the mid-18th century Britain was the world's leading commercial nation, controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and the Caribbean, and with some political influence on the Indian subcontinent, through the activities of the East India Company. The development of trade and the rise of business were major causes of the Industrial Revolution.

  工业革命始于英国,许多技术创新都源于英国。到18世纪中叶,英国是世界上主要的商业国家,通过东印度公司的活动控制着北美和加勒比地区殖民地的全球贸易帝国,并对印度次大陆产生一些政治影响。贸易的发展和商业的兴起是工业革命的主要原因。

  单词拓展

  innovation n.创新

  global adj.全球的

  origin n.起源

  trading empire 贸易帝国

  major cause 主要的原因

  学习小资料二

  The commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s the following gains had been made in important technologies:

  从18世纪下半叶开始,工业革命的开始与少数创新密切相关。 到19世纪30年代,重要技术取得了以下成果:

  Steam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so that they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses. The high pressure engine had a high power to weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation. Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.

  蒸汽动力 - 蒸汽机的效率提高,因此燃料的使用量增加了五分之一到十分之一。 固定式蒸汽机适应旋转运动使其适用于工业用途。高压发动机具有高功率重量比,适合运输。1800年后,蒸汽动力迅速膨胀。

  Invention of machine tools – The first machine tools were invented. These included the screw cutting lathe, cylinder boring machine and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took several decades to develop effective techniques.

  机床的发明 - 发明了第一台机床。 这些包括螺旋切削车床,气缸镗床和铣床。 尽管开发有效的技术需要几十年的时间,但机床能够经济地制造精密金属零件。

  单词拓展

  Steam n.蒸汽

  commencement n.开始

  fuel n.燃料

  adaptation n.适应

  transportation n.交通运输

  economical adj.经济的

  有了以上的对于Industrial Revolution 小资料的学习,我们不难理解工业革命对当时人们的生活造成了多大的影响。

  但让生活变得更轻松的同时人们也付出了代价。我们看一看小托福OG原文是怎样说的。

  W: We’ve been discussing the many benefits of the Industrial Revolution in the United States and the age of technology that followed it. Well, technology has certainly made life easier,but at what cost?

  W:我们一直在讨论美国工业革命的许多好处以及随之而来的技术时代。 那么,技术确实让生活变得更轻松,但代价是什么?

  G: Excuse me, Ms. Hampton. Do you mean that there could be something bad about technology? I don’t see how that can be.

  G:对不起,汉普顿女士。 你的意思是说技术可能有些不好吗? 我不知道那是怎么回事。

  W: Well, let’s look at it this way. Before all the advances in technology, most people made their living through some sort of manual labor. Back then, walking was the primary means of transportation for short distances... People walked most of the time to get from place to place on a daily basis. And when they did the laundry, they used their hands to scrub and wring the clothes. When they wanted to go upstairs, thy had to climb them; when they wanted to clean a carpet, they had to beat it. And that’s not all; they even churned their own butter and milked their own cows.

  W:嗯,让我们这样看吧。 在所有技术进步之前,大多数人通过某种体力劳动来谋生。 那时候,步行是短距离交通的主要交通方式......人们大部分时间都是走路,每天都是从一个地方到另一个地方。 当他们洗衣服时,他们用手擦洗衣服。 当他们想上楼时,你必须爬上去; 当他们想要清理地毯时,他们不得不拍打它。 而且并非全部; 他们甚至搅拌自己的黄油并挤奶自己的奶牛。

  G: Yes, but then came cars, washing machines, vacuum cleaners..all the things that made life a lot easier for everyone. Machines can now do all of those things that made life so hard for people in the past.

  G:是的,但接着是汽车,洗衣机,吸尘器......所有让每个人都能轻松生活的东西。 机器现在可以做所有那些让人们过去生活如此艰难的事情。

  W: Exactly! And there in lies the problem. All of today’s modern convenience have decreased the need for physical activity. So people’s lifestyles have changed --we’ve become more sedentary, a lot less active. The thing is, before 1900--before the Industrial Revolution-- very few people suffered from many of the diseases that are common today. So if you think about it, the age of technology has made people more prone to disease.

  G:Why is this?

  W:没错! 这就是问题所在。 今天所有的现代便利都减少了对身体活动的需求。 所以人们的生活方式已经发生了变化 - 我们变得更久坐,更不活跃。 事实是,在1900年之前 - 工业革命之前 - 很少有人患有今天常见的许多疾病。 因此,如果你考虑一下,技术时代已经使人们更容易患病。

  G:这是为什么?

  W: Well , physical activity is very important to keep healthy. If we don’t have enough of it, our bodies will not function properly. But since we can’t go back to doing things as people used to do before the arrival of technology, we have to make a point of exercising regularly to maintain a healthy body.

  W:嗯,身体活动对于保持健康非常重要。 如果我们没有足够的,我们的身体将无法正常运作。 但是,既然我们不能像人们在技术到来之前那样回去做事,我们必须定期锻炼以保持健康的身体。


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