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托福30天备考计划第20天之阅读

2014-04-04 13:33:33来源：新东方 王璐

托福30天备考计划第20天之阅读

　　TPO14-3 Pastoralismin Ancient Inner Eurasia古代亚欧内陆的畜牧业【TPO14原文及答案】

　　1. Archaeological evidence suggests that by 3000 B.C., and perhaps even earlier, there had emerged on the steppes of Inner Eurasia the distinctive types ofpastoralism that were to dominate the region's history for several millennia. (试划分此句句子成分，正确断句。)

　　2. It is the use of horses for transportation and warfare that explains why Inner Eurasian pastoralism proved the most mobile and the most militaristic of all major forms of pastoralism. (强调句加因果关系：事实信息题出处。)

　　3. While agriculturalists rely on domesticated plants, pastoralists rely on domesticated animals. As a result, pastoralists, like carnivores in general, occupy a higher position on the food chain. All else being equal, this means they must exploit larger areas of land than do agriculturalists to secure the same amount of food, clothing, and other necessities.(感受句子中一环一环紧扣的逻辑关系：对比及因果;修辞目的题出处，就作者为何要做此比提问。)

　　4. The remarkable mobility and range of pastoral societies explain, in part, why so many linguists have argued that the Indo-European languages began their astonishing expansionist career not among farmers in Anatolia (present-day Turkey), but among early pastoralists from Inner Eurasia.(将语言和畜牧业建立起因果关系的句子，亦是修辞目的题出处。)

　　5. So, by and large, nomadismimplies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor.

　　6. Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class. (转折后的内容是作者想强调的重点，排除的时间段也成为推断题的考察点。)

　　7. Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.(句子简化题：把握住转折逻辑关系，及转折后弱化阶级的两点原因。)

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