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托福阅读材料：缺乏维他命可能导致帕金森症

2015-01-15 17:57:22来源：网络

　　2015年托福考试已经开始，对于每一位参加托福考试的同学来说都是新的开始，那么我们对于托福听说读写都需要采取怎样的复习方法?这四项又需要注意些什么呢?我们分别谈一下。下面是新东方在线托福小编整理的托福阅读材料：缺乏维他命可能导致帕金森症，供同学们参考!

　　Studies of vitamin D have been on the rise in recent years, and with good reason—a 2009 estimate suggests that nearly three quarters of teens and adults in the U.S. are deficient in this vital nutrient. Vitamin D deficiency not only causes rickets, a skeletal disorder in which the bones are soft and weak, but has also been associated with a rapidly increasing range of chronic conditions like cancer, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. Now, two new studies suggest a link between vitamin D and neurological disorder: older people with insufficient vitamin D levels may be more likely to develop Parkinson's disease and experience cognitive decline.

　　The first, led by Paul Knekt and colleagues at the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, examined levels of vitamin D in the blood of 3,173 Finnish men and women aged 50-79 determined to be free of Parkinson's disease at the start of the study. The researchers then examined the incidence of Parkinson's disease in these participants over a 29-year follow-up period. They found that participants with the highest levels of vitamin D (more than 50 nmol/L) had a 65 percent lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease than those with the lowest vitamin D levels (less than 25 nmol/L). The researchers accounted for potentially confounding variables such as age, sex, marital status, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity and month of blood draw.

　　Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to impaired movement and speech, and is thought to result from insufficient dopamine levels in the brain. How vitamin D may protect against Parkinson's is not understood, although there is limited evidence from cell-based and animal models that vitamin D may prevent the loss of dopaminergic neurons (cells that produce dopamine).

　　One important limitation to the study is that the average vitamin D concentration of all the study participants (approximately 40 nmol/L) falls well below what is considered to be optimal (above 75 nmol/L). Therefore, whether supplementation with vitamin D would further lower the risk for Parkinson's remains unknown. Nevertheless, the study suggests that not having enough vitamin D may predispose individuals to Parkinson's, and provides a starting point for further investigation. The results were published online July 12 in the Archives of Neurology.


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