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托福阅读素材之文明的起源

2015-01-27 16:12:55来源:网络

  托福阅读备考我们需要掌握大量的词汇以及长难句的理解和一些背景材料,如果勤练习真题加上方法技巧,相信大家会有不错的收获。下面是新东方在线托福小编整理的托福阅读素材之文明的起源,供同学们参考!

  版本一: 文明的起源。地方是美索不达米亚平原那边的。因为土地资源丰富,所以人口增多来开发,好像还提到了从其他地方得到青铜(bronze),所以很珍贵。一般不用来作为务农工具。有一题就是问为什么不用青铜器装农作物的。

  版本二: 讲文明的起源,主要以两河流域为例。解释了文明的主要特点为有政治中心,自己的语言,金属工具等等。同事说美索不达米亚和埃及因为是何故所以进口bronze,价格昂贵作为首饰和装饰品。

  解析: 本文讲文明发展史。主要讨论的是某文明发展的原因,主旨明确,结构清晰,每段首句为topic sentence的可能性较高。大家在阅读文章之前可以先跳到最后一题(文章总结题)的位置看看那句对于文章总结的句子。对于大家从整体上把握文章的结构非常有帮助。从文章结构与内容上,都非常接近TPO8的文章The Rise of Teotihucan。

  相关托福阅读资料:

  Sumer

  Sumer (from Akkadian ?umeru; Sumerian ki-en-?ir15, approximately "land of the civilized kings" or "native land"[note 1]) was an ancientcivilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age. Although the earliest forms of writing in the region do not go back much further than c. 3500 BC, modern historians have suggested that Sumer was first permanently settled between c. 5500 and 4000 BC by a non-Semitic people who may or may not have spoken the Sumerian language (pointing to the names of cities, rivers, basic occupations, etc. as evidence).[1][2][3][4] These conjectured, prehistoric people are now called "proto-Euphrateans" or "Ubaidians",[5] and are theorized to have evolved from the Samarra culture of northern Mesopotamia (Assyria).[6][7][8][9] The Ubaidians were the first civilizing force in Sumer, draining the marshes for agriculture, developing trade, and establishing industries, including weaving, leatherwork, metalwork, masonry, and pottery.[5] However, some scholars such as Piotr Michalowski and Gerd Steiner, contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been

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