托福写作笔记一

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　　独立性写作

　　八大论证功能段落

　　1. 对立观点引出功能段

　　When it refers to......people’s opinions are divergent on such a controversial issue

　　The overwhelming majority would support that.....others however take the negative attitude.

　　2个人观点表达功能段

　　A.From the personal perspective I prefer A rather than B as my inclination.

　　B.To choose A or choose B is sth of a delimma to the public.Because they always confused by the seemingly positive qualities of A but neglect the genuinely profound aspects of B.

　　3.原因概述功能段

　　Among countless factors which directly or indirectly influence...there are several conspicuous aspects as follows.

　　4.分析列举功能

　　A.At the risk of something too simplistic,it seems to me that the main proposition for ...can be summarized in one saying that...

　　B.Another eually essential/crucial factor accounting for my propensity to...is that...

　　C.Beyond all these obvious reasons,however lies a deeper one....

　　5.利弊分析功能段

　　However,....serve as a double-adged sword. In other words ,the inferiorities of....conexist its superiority.

　　6.例证功能段

　　History, is replete with evidence to demostrate this point. A notable case in piont has an association with....in the realm of....

　　7.趋势影响分析功能段

　　Undoubtedly....will give rise to a multitude of positive/negative effects on...in the foreseeable future.

　　8.结论段

　　A .Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend,we may predict that...

　　B.From what I have discussed above,we may safely come to the conclusion that...

　　大众观点引出

　　1.It is conceivable that...

　　2.It goes without saying that...

　　3.It ‘s self evident that...

　　关联、关系

　　1...has an association with...

　　2...has a hearing on...

　　3...is closely related to...

　　主题句+拓展句123+结尾句(升华、过渡)

　　因果解释1现象引出2原因分析3结果分析

　　Currently ..现象..has loomed up wide public concern what amazes us most is that..具体..It is true that the trend of this is seemly on the rise in all walks of life.We may cite a variety of reasons accounting for this.The major ones can be listed as follows.First and foremost....plays a pushing role.In addition...Last but not least...As a consequence...

　　段落举例：Juvenile delinquency

　　Nowadays. Juvenile delinquency has become a focal point under discussion.What amazes us most is that the forms of JD vary from stealing robbing to murdering.It is true that the trend of this is on the rise. We may cite a variety of reasons accounting for this adolescent crimes. First and foremost, the mass media plays a key role .In other words,children are frequently exposed to shows and reports about crime and violence. In addition,children in China are often pampered and spoilt by their parents.Last but not least,today’s children have to face a more tempting world than ever before.As a consequence they are prone to commit crimes

　　论述体系(问题解决)：1.描述现状2.建议措施

　　With the advancement of modern society....has become a social problem of public concern.Meanwhile,it has given rise to a serious of other matters.Such as A and B.So it is high time we put an immediate end to this “Pandora’s box”.It is true that awareness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.As is known to all,we have figured out several efficacious steps to tackle this problem.In the first place....In the second place....In the third place....Therefore ,only in this way can we...

　　段落举例: Income gap

　　Recently the income gap has become a social problem of public concern.Meanwhile,it has given rise to series of other matters.Such as delinquency and violence.So it is high time we put an immediate end to this “Pandora’s box”.It is true that awareness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.In the first place we should appeal to the government to improve the distribution mechanism.Making it not only transparent but also reasonable during economic development.More emphases should be plased on the underprivileged group of the society especially in these backward areas.Therefore only in this way can we build a more harmonious socirty.

　　观点论证行论述体系(个人类话题通用)1.含义提示2.含义解析

　　As a human being one can hardly do without....Living in the society,no one can deny that it is...that enables us to....Consequently,in this modern society where.... ....has been ragarded as a necessity for....As to what....means,my opinions/definitions are as follows.First of all.....What really counts in my mind is that....Lastly,.....

　　段落举例: Perseverance

　　As a human being one can hardly do without perseverance.Living in the society no one can deny that it is perseverance that enables us to accomplish wonders and realize dreams.Consequently in this modern society where competition is becoming increasingly fierce.Perseverance has been regarded as a necessity for a successful career.As to what perseverance means my opinion are as follows.First of all,perseverance means the determination to hold on to the end.Even in the face of difficult and dangerous situations,what really counts,in my mind is that man with perseverance firmly believes what he has chosen is right and meaningful so he is more than happy to fight for his ideal and will never ever give up.Lastly no man was born with perseverance.Only after life’s countless challenges can he understand the genuine meaning of perseverance.

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