托福写作结构二

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　　Writing the thesis statement

　　Now it is time to write our thesis statement. This is the last sentence of the first paragraph. It is also the most important sentence in the essay. The thesis statement does two things:

　　• It directly answers the essay question.

　　• It tells the reader what your opinion is.

　　For our introduction, here's what the thesis statement could look like:

　　No police officer should ever carry a gun.

　　In this example, we have a strong thesis statement. It is simple and direct: it answers the essay question and tells the reader exactly what our opinion is.

　　It is not an exaggeration to say that the thesis statement is the most important sentence in the essay. In fact, if the reader has difficulty understanding the essay, he will often return to

　　the thesis statement to be reminded what the essay is about. A bad thesis statement results in a bad essay.

　　If this is something new to you, we strongly recommended that that you learn more about how to write a good thesis statement by visiting the tutorial on this website.

　　Howto Write a TOEFL Essay Introduction

　　PAGE 4 OF 4

　　Putting it all together

　　We've finally completed our essay. Here it is:

　　Many communities have beendebating whether or not police officers should carry guns. In some situations, guns protect the police officer as well as the public. However, guns often result in injuries and death. No police officer should ever carry a gun.

　　In the first sentence we began the introduction with a general statement about the essay topic. Then, in the second and third sentences, we contrasted both sides of the argument.

　　Our last sentence was the thesis statement: this is where we answered the essay question and gave our opinion.

　　Howto Write a TOEFL Essay Body

　　The body is the meat and bones of your TOEFL essay.

　　The body of the essay is everything that comes between your introduction and the conclusion. Here's what you need to know:

　　• It's usually 2 paragraphs long.

　　• Each paragraph has 1 topic sentence.

　　• Each paragraph has 3 to 5 supporting ideas.

　　• Its goal is to support thesis statement.

　　Paragraphs in the Body

　　Each paragraph of the body supports the thesis statement. And each paragraph has the same structure--1 topic sentence followed by 3 to 5 supporting ideas. Like this:

　　Topic Sentence (first sentence)

　　• supporting idea #1

　　• supporting idea #2

　　• supporting idea #3

　　• supporting idea #4

　　It's okay if you don't understand topic sentences or supporting ideas. That's what we'll look at on the next page. Read on.

　　The topic sentence

　　The topic sentence is the first sentence of the paragraph. This sentence should do 2 things:

　　• Give 1 reason to support your thesis statement.

　　• Tell the reader what the rest of the paragraph is about.

　　Supporting ideas

　　Everything that comes after the topic sentence is called a supporting idea. This is because it

　　"supports" your topic sentence.

　　A supporting idea could be almost anything: a story from your life, a philosophical argument,a personal experience, or some statistical information. The important thing is that it explains why you believe that the topic sentence is true.

　　Learning More

　　Topic sentences and supporting ideas are important concepts. If you would like to learn more about them, there are tutorials available for both topic sentences and supporting ideas.

　　Howto Write TOEFL Essay Topic Sentences

　　Topic sentences are important because they support your thesis statement.

　　First, let's have a quick review. We already know that the thesis statement is the last sentence of the introduction. We also know that the thesis statement is where we give our opinion. Here's the example we used:

　　No police officer should ever carry a gun.

　　It's a good thesis because it tells the reader what the essay is about and it gives an opinion.

　　Now the reader knows what our opinion is, but he doesn't know why. This is what topic sentence does--it tells the reader why.

　　Here's the minimum you need to know about what a topic sentence is:

　　• It is the first sentence of each paragraph in the body.

　　• It gives one reason why the thesis statement is true.

　　• It tells the reader what the rest of the paragraph is about.

　　A good way to write a topic sentence is to begin with a list of reasons that support your thesis statement. When you have your list, then choose the two best reasons. That's what we'll do on the next.

　　Howto Write TOEFL Essay Topic Sentences

　　PAGE 2 OF 3

　　Writing a topic sentence

　　First we look at our thesis statement one more time:

　　No police officer should ever carry a gun.

　　Next we make a list of all the reasons why we believe our thesis statement is true. Here's what we have:

　　1. There is already too much violence in the world.

　　2. Police officers don't need protection.

　　3. Guns cause more harm than good.

　　4. Police officers like to shoot people.

　　5. Guns frighten people.

　　6. In most cases police officers don't need guns.

　　7. Violence of any kind is a bad thing.

　　Now we simply choose the best reasons. Let's choose number 3 and number 6. They look like good reasons to me.

　　Now that we have two reasons that support our thesis statement, we are almost finished.

　　We only have to put the finishing touches on, and we'll do that next.

　　Finishing the topic sentences

　　On the last page, we chose two reasons to support our thesis statement. These are our topic sentences. Here they are:Guns causemore harm than good.

　　In most cases police officers don't needguns.

　　They already look good, but they could be better. We can improve them by adding a transitional phrase at the beginning of each. A transitional phrase helps the reader understand your essay. It also makes your essay sound more natural.

　　For our first topic sentence, we can use phrases such as First, First of all, In the first place,

　　To begin with, For one thing. And this is what our first topic sentence might look like:

　　First of all, guns causemore harm than good.

　　For our second topic sentence, we can use these phrases: Second, Next , In addition to the previous point, More importantly. Like this:

　　In addition to the previous point, inmost cases police officers don't need guns.

　　We're finished. Now we only need to write our supporting ideas!

　　Howto Write TOEFL Essay Supporting Ideas

　　They are called supporting ideas because they "support" the topic sentence.

　　Our TOEFL essay's supporting ideas all come after the topic sentences. They support the topic sentence by telling the reader why we believe the topic sentence is true.

　　Supporting ideas can be almost anything. The important thing is that they are all related to the topic sentence and that they support the topic sentence in some way. Here are some things we can use for our supporting ideas:

　　• A personal experience

　　• Something you've heard or read about

　　• A logical argument

　　• Statistical evidence

　　• Factual information

　　• Expert opinion

　　We can use any of these for our supporting ideas. However, most students use a personal experience or something they have read about. This is probably because it is easier to write about these things.

　　On the next page, we'll return to our topic sentences and try to write a few supporting ideas for them.

　　Howto Write TOEFL Essay Supporting Ideas

　　以上就是新东方在线为大家总结的托福写作结构二的相关内容，最后预祝大家在托福考试中取得优异的成绩!

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