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托福综合写作优秀作文练习题:海洋中的海獭

2015-04-03 14:35:02来源:网络

  考生们快来练手吧。托福综合写作优秀作文练习题为大家带来关于海獭的文章。新东方在线为大家带来托福综合写作优秀作文练习题:海洋中的海獭,希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。

  下面是托福综合写作练手材料系列——《托福综合写作练手材料 海獭数量急剧减少的原因》。

  托福综合写作阅读材料:

  The sea otter is a small mammal that livesin waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska.When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declininga few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an importantecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating thecause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possibleexplanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, thepollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.

  海獭是一种生活在北美西海岸从加州到阿拉斯加沿线的小型海洋哺乳动物。几年前,阿拉斯加海岸的海獭数量急剧减少。由于海獭对于维持海岸沿线生态平衡有非常重要的作用,所以其数量下降引起了广泛的关注。专家开始研究海獭数量下降的原因,并且很快发现了两个可能的原因,分别是环境污染和天敌捕食。最初,环境污染说看起来更为可信。

  The first reason why pollution seemed themore likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskancoast, such as oil rings and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Watersamples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that coulddecrease the otters’ resistance to life-threatening infections and thus couldindirectly cause their deaths.

  为什么污染说更为可信呢?这是因为阿拉斯加海岸确实有污染源,比如石油带或者其他的工业污染物。该地的水样显示水中化学物的含量增加,其数量可以导致海獭对于一些致命感染丧失抵抗力,进而间接导致数量下降。

  Second, other sea mammals such as seals andsea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining; indicating that whateverhad endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This factagain pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affect the entire ecosystemrather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca(a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to huntmuch larger prey, such as other whales.

  第二,在阿拉斯加海域,包括海豹和海狮在内的其他海洋哺乳动物的数量也有所下降。这表明造成海獭数量下降的原因也对其他海洋哺乳动物造成了影响。原因再次指向了环境污染,这是因为环境污染问题常常不是仅仅影响某个特定物种,而是影响整个生态系统。除此之外,只有像逆戟鲸(一种大型肉食鲸)那种食性广泛的动物才能通过捕食呈现相同的效果。但是,逆戟鲸更喜欢捕食像鲸类这种的大型猎物。

  Third, scientists believed that thepollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: atsome Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at othersthey remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggestingthat ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created unevenconcentrations of pollutants along the coast.

  第三,科学家认为污染说同时可以解释海獭数量变化的不均衡性。所谓不均衡性是指在阿拉斯加某些区域海獭数量下降明显,而在其他地方海獭的数量保持未定。一些专家指出这样的观察结果表明洋流和其他环境因素导致了海岸线上污染物的不均衡聚集。

  托福综合写作阅读部分需要提取的观点是:

  - Main point: 海獭数量下降的原因是环境污染

  - Sub point 1:阿拉斯加海域确有污染源

  - Sub point 2:除海獭外,还有其他哺乳动物的数量下降

  - Sub point 3:不同区域海獭数量下降情况不同,可以解释为污染物聚集情况不同导致的。

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