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托福阅读备考必读素材:褪黑素与睡眠的关系

2015-04-03 18:47:09来源:网络

  褪黑素是一种改善睡眠的药,与我们的睡眠质量密切相关。新东方在线为大家带来托福阅读备考必读素材:褪黑素与睡眠的关系,希望对大家托福备考有所帮助,更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

  相信大家都意识到了,要想提高托福阅读成绩,需要依靠平时多积累一些背景知识,这样如果碰到相关话题的文章时就可以心中有数,也就可以大大提高阅读答题的正确率了。褪黑素是一种改善睡眠的药,与我们的睡眠质量密切相关。

  Melatonin, sometimes called “the hormone of darkness,” plays an importantrole in regulating our daily sleep patterns. Thishormone is produced by ourbodies and in most organisms melatonin production ishigher during the nightthan during the day.

  褪黑素,又名黑素细胞凝集素的荷尔蒙,在调节我们日常睡眠规律中扮演重要角色。人体自身分泌褪黑激素,而且大多数生物夜晚比白天分泌得更多。

  In addition to their body’s own melatonin,many people take melatoninsupplements in an attempt to help them sleep, fightjet lag or balance outseasonal affective disorder.

  此外,一些人通过体外补充褪黑素改善睡眠,缓解飞机时差感、平衡季节性情绪失调。

  Melatonin And Memories

  褪黑素对记忆的影响

  But a study by a group of scientists at theUniversity of Houston suggeststhat melatonin might have a negative impact onthe ability to form newmemories.

  但是,休斯顿大学的科学家们研究表明:褪黑素阻碍记忆形成。

  The researchers were interested in how thebody’s internal clock affectsthe formation of new memories. They found thatsmall striped minnows calledzebra fish learned very well during the day butvery poorly at night, whenmelatonin levels are higher.

  研究人员想弄清楚体内生物钟如何影响新生记忆的形成。研究人员发现斑马鱼白天学习能力很好;夜晚却很差,而夜晚褪黑素分泌旺盛。

  They wondered if melatonin played a role inlearning and memory.

  研究人员怀疑褪黑素影响学习和记忆。

  Melatonin And Learning

  褪黑素对学习的影响

  They treated zebra fish with extramelatonin during the day, boosting thehormone levels to night-time amounts.

  白天,研究人员喂给斑马鱼褪黑素,促进斑马鱼夜晚褪黑素分泌。

  They discovered that high melatonin did notaffect learning per se, butdramatically reduced the fishes’ ability to form newmemories, or to rememberwhat they’d learned.

  研究人员发现大量的褪黑素没有直接影响学习本身,但是却很大程度地使斑马鱼的记忆衰退,斑马鱼不记得学过的东西。

  Then the scientists inhibited melatoninactivity in the fish. They did thisby blocking melatonin receptors withinhibitory drugs. The fishs’ melatoninlevels were unchanged, but the ability ofmelatonin to affect the brain wasblocked.

  接着,科学家们抑制斑马鱼体内的褪黑素的作用:抑制药物阻碍褪黑素受体。斑马鱼褪黑素分泌量没改变,但是褪黑素不能影响不了大脑。

  Blocking Melatonin

  阻碍褪黑素

  With melatonin activity blocked, theability of the fish to form newmemories was drastically improved, even atnight.

  褪黑素的作用受阻,斑马鱼新生记忆能力明显改善,夜晚也很好。

  This research has potential benefits forhumans. For example, the use ofmelatonin receptor blockers could improveperformance of night-time cognitivetasks, helping people such as night-shiftworkers or students cramming forexams.

  该项研究带给人类潜在好处。例如,褪黑素受体的阻碍能影响人夜晚的认知能力,那么对于那些夜班工作者和熬夜备考的学生都有所帮助。

  以上就是今天的托福阅读背景知识,在练习托福阅读材料的同时,大家还可以积累一些相关词汇及句型,不仅能在阅读考试中更好地把握文意,说不定还能在口语或写作部分派上用场噢。


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