托福阅读素材：网络安全公司应对威胁(社会科学篇)

　　托福阅读素材社会科学篇：来自恐怖分子和国家的网络侵入正在愈演愈烈。新东方在线托福网为大家带来托福阅读素材：网络安全公司应对威胁(社会科学篇)，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助，更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

　　来自黑客的网络攻击会使得政府和企业的日常网络服务受到威胁，尤其是对于那些来自恐怖分子和国家的网络侵入更要有对策应对。具体要怎样应对?重点在哪?一起来看今天的托福阅读材料吧!

　　reconnaissance n. 侦察;勘测;搜索;事先考查

　　malicious adj. 恶意的;恶毒的;蓄意的;怀恨的

　　bypass vt. 绕开;忽视;设旁路;迂回 n. 旁路

　　Devastating adj. 毁灭性的;全然的

　　Calamity n. 灾难;不幸事件

　　Cyber adj. 网络的，计算机的

　　Intrusion n. 侵入;闯入

　　cripple n. 跛子;残废vt. 削弱;使跛

　　halt n. 停止;立定;休息vt. 使停止

　　malicious adj. 恶意的;恶毒的

　　fundamentally adv. 根本地，从根本上

　　counteracting vt. 抵消;中和

　　restrictive adj. 限制的;限制性的

　　Cybersecurity Firms Struggle to Keep Up With Threats

　　网络安全公司应对威胁

　　Bomb attacks typically grab news headlines. But there are almost invisible activities occurring every day that could create a more widespread and devastating calamity — cyber intrusions into government and corporate information and control systems that could cripple vital services and bring normal commerce to a halt.

　　When Hurricane Sandy struck the New York City area in 2012, thousands of people were stranded without vital services like electricity and transportation as repair crews struggled to get systems back up and running. Daily malicious hackers threaten a similar disaster as they probe the computers that control those systems.

　　Concern over such threats as well as criminal intrusions brought representatives from government and the private sector together at the Chertoff Group’s cyber security conference, "What's Next: Protecting Our Critical Energy Infrastructure from Cyber Threats."

　　A particular concern here in Houston is the threat to energy systems.

　　“We have found malicious code, malware, on energy systems;whether that was there to steal information or was reconnaissance for attacks is more a matter of speculation," said former U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff, executive chairman of the sponsoring organization.

　　"Saudia Aramco was attacked," he added. "That is an energy company. And while it did not succeed in knocking them offline, it certainly indicated that energy companies are a target for this.”

　　Chertoff said there will likely be more threats to energy industry control systems by terrorists and some hostile foreign governments.

　　Stuart McClure, CEO of Cylance, said his company’s software protects clients from most threats, although Cylance itself is often a target of sophisticated intrusions.

　　“The only ones who can do that are very large nation states with big budgets, a lot of people, a lot of eyeballs that take a look at what we have done and try to bypass it,” he said.

　　Experts say technology offers only part of the solution and that constant vigilance is needed to maintain cyber security.

　　Companies provide security training to warn against such common breaches as plugging an unverified USB thumb drive into a networked computer.

　　The CEO of cyber-security firm SS8, Inc., Faizel Lakhani said the human factor is important because technological solutions tend to be too restrictive.

　　“Our economy and the Internet is based on an interconnected model, the ability to communicate broadly, to share ideas and when you restrict that through a technology solution you fundamentally take away that inherent advantage that we have had here in America,” he said.

　　Lakhani said humans in any organization will make mistakes that allow cyber intrusions. He said companies need to accept that reality and develop methods of identifying and counteracting threats.

　　长难句：

　　1.But there are almost invisible activities occurring every day (that could create a more widespread and devastating calamity )— cyber intrusions into government and corporate information and control systems( that could cripple vital services and bring normal commerce to a halt.)

　　句子类型：定语从句

　　句子拆分：

　　主干：But there are almost invisible activities occurring every day

　　定语从句：that could create a more widespread and devastating calamity

　　“—“对activities的进一步解释。that could cripple vital services and bring normal commerce to a halt也是定语从句。

　　翻译：每天都有可见的黑客活动会带来一次类似的灾难---黑客攻击政府和企业信息系统，这会引起重要的服务瘫痪，并使得正常商业活动停止。

　　2.Daily malicious hackers threaten a similar disaster as they probe the computers that control those systems.

　　句子类型：定语从句+状语从句

　　句子拆分：

　　主干：Daily malicious hackers threaten a similar disaster.

　　定语从句: that control those systems

　　状语从句: as they probe the computers.

　　翻译：每天都有恶意黑客们在探测控制这些系统的计算机，并威胁要再来一次类似的灾难。