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托福阅读背景材料：美国土著语言文化

2015-05-06 11:48:21来源：网络

　　托福阅读背景知识是考生托福阅读备考过程中必不可少的参考资料，托福阅读内容量大，取材丰富，话题面广，需要考生积累必要的背景知识。本文中新东方在线托福网为大家带来托福阅读背景材料：美国土著语言文化，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

　　托福阅读背景材料：美国土著语言文化

　　Native American languages

　　Before Europeans arrived in North America there were over 300 Native American languages. Some have now died out, and of the 250 or so remaining many are spoken only by a few older people. Other languages, like Cherokee, are more widely spoken. Most Native Americans speak English, some as their first language and others as their second.

　　Native American languages have added many words to English, though the meaning of a word has often been changed. Teepees are a kind of tent, *wampum belts were made of beads and since the belts had great value Europeans used wampum to mean 'money'. Moccasins, a kind of shoe, are today worn by people all over the world. Many Native American words describe the things they name. For example, the Asakiwaki tribe's name means 'people of the yellow earth', and the Cherokees' name for themselves, Ani-Yun'wiya, means 'the leading people'. Indian names for Whites included 'people greedily grasping for land'.

　　Many American place names have their roots in Native American languages. *Ohio, for instance, is a Native American name, and the names of many of its towns and cities, such as Chillicothe and Sandusky, and the lakes Scioto and Olentangy, are of Native American origin.



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