托福阅读细节题练习(1)

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　　例一：Reduction in numbers of game should have boded ill for their survival in later times.　A worsening of the plight of deer was to be expected as settlers encroached on the land,　logging, burning, and clearing, eventually replacing a wilderness landscape with roads,　cities, towns, and factories. No doubt the numbers of deer declined still further. Recall the　fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer, now in a protected status. But for the black-tailed　deer, human pressure has had just the opposite effect. Wild life zoologist Hulmut　Buechner(1953), in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through　recorded time, Says that "since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any　other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000　deer (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age　annually for an indefinite period

　　Which of the following statements about deer populations is supported by the information　in paragraph 4?

　　○Deer populations reached their highest point during the 1940s and then began to　decline.

　　○The activities of settlers contributed in unexpected ways to the growth of some deer　populations in later times.

　　○The cleaning of wilderness land for construction caused biotic changes from which the　black-tailed deer population has never recovered.

　　○Since the 1940s the winter populations of deer have fluctuated more than the summer　populations have.

　　例二Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and　water is forced in and over their gills. Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that　other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. In fact, tunas must swim to　breathe. They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or　completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain　buoyant.

　　According to the passage, which of the following is one of the reasons that tunas are in　constant motion?

　　○They lack a swim bladder.

　　○They need to suck in more water than other fishes do.

　　○They have large muscles for breathing.

　　○They cannot open their mouths unless they are in motion.

　　例三：In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect　their rights and traditional ways of life. Craft workers such as carpenters, printers, and　tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades'　Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of

　　1837, but in the depression that followed, labor's strength collapsed. During hard times,　few workers were willing to strike* or engage in collective action. And skilled craft workers,　who spearheaded the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with　semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. More than a decade of agitation did　finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850’s, and the　courts also recognized workers' right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.　Which of the following statements about the labor movement of the 1800's is supported by　paragraph 5?

　　○It was most successful during times of economic crisis.

　　○Its primary purpose was to benefit unskilled laborers.

　　○It was slow to improve conditions for workers.

　　○It helped workers of all skill levels form a strong bond with each other.

　　例四：Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial　for understanding human behavior, including aggression. Sigmund Freud, for example,　believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life.　Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their　parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands　immediately. Yet children, also fearing their parents' punishment and the loss of parental　love, come to repress most aggressive impulses. The Freudian perspective, in a sense:　sees us as "steam engines." By holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage　for future explosions. Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be　expressed toward parents in indirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be　expressed toward strangers later in life.

　　According to paragraph 5, Freud believed that children experience conflict between a　desire to vent aggression on their parents and

　　○a frustration that their parents do not give them everything they want

　　○a fear that their parents will punish them and stop loving them

　　○a desire to take care of their parents

　　○a desire to vent aggression on other family members