托福阅读否定信息题练习(2)

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　　例一：

　　In 1970 geologists Kenneth J. Hsu and William B.F. Ryan were collecting research datawhile aboard the oceanographic research vessel Glomar Challenger. An objective of this　particular cruise was to investigate the floor of the Mediterranean and to resolve questions　about is geologic history. One question was related to evidence that the invertebrate　fauna (animals without spines) of the Mediterranean had changed abruptly about 6 million　years ago. Most of the older organisms were nearly wiped out, although a few hardy　species survived. A few managed to migrate into the Atlantic. Somewhat later, the　migrants returned, bringing new species with them. Why did the near extinction and　migrations occur?

　　Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a change that occurred in the　fauna of the Mediterranean?

　　○Most invertebrate species disappeared during a wave of extinctions.

　　○A few hardy species wiped out many of the Mediterranean’s invertebrates.

　　○Some invertebrates migrated to Atlantic Ocean.

　　○New species of fauna populated the Mediterranean when the old migrants returned.

　　例二：fauna (animals without spines) of the Mediterranean had changed abruptly about 6　million years ago. Most of the older organisms were nearly wiped out(A Most invertebrate　species disappeared during a wave of extinctions ), although a few hardy species　survived(B A few hardy species wiped out many of the Mediterranean’s invertebrates )

　　虚假比较. A few managed to migrate into the Atlantic(C Some invertebrates migrated toAtlantic Ocean ). Somewhat later, the migrants returned, bringing new species with　them(D New species of fauna populated the Mediterranean when the old migrants returned).

　　There is a quality of cohesiveness about the Roman world that applied neither to　Greece nor perhaps to any other civilization, ancient or modern. Like the stone of Roman　wall, which were held together both by the regularity of the design and by that peculiarly　powerful Roman cement, so the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a　massive, monolithic entity by physical, organizational, and psychological controls. The　physical bonds included the network of military garrisons, which were stationed in every　province, and the network of stone-built roads that linked the provinces with Rome. The　organizational bonds were based on the common principles of law and administration and　on the universal army of officials who enforced common standards of conduct. The　psychological controls were built on fear and punishment—on the absolute certainty that　anyone or anything that threatened the authority of Rome would be utterly destroyed.

　　According to paragraph 1, all of the following are controls that held together the roman　world EXCEPT

　　○administrative and legal systems

　　○the presence of the military

　　○a common language

　　○transportation networks

　　例三：This technological shift cause profound changes in the complexity of African　societies. Iron represented power. In West Africa the blacksmith who made tools and　functions. Iron hoes, which made the land more productive, and iron weapons, which　made the warrior more powerful, had symbolic meaning in a number of West Africa　societies. Those who knew the secrets of making iron gained ritual and sometimes　political power.

　　According to paragraph 4, all of the following were social effects of the new metal　technology in Africa EXCEPT:

　　○Access to metal tools and weapons created greater social equality.

　　○Metal weapons increased the power of warriors.

　　○Iron tools helped increase the food supply.

　　○Technical knowledge gave religious power to its holders.

　　例四：The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-Day　　Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and　700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20　square kilometers. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large　number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious　edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. Clearly, much planning and　central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of his great metropolis.　Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of　Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico).

　　In paragraph 1, each of the following is mentioned as a feature of the city of Teotihuacán　between A.D. 150 and 700 EXCEPT

　　○regularly arranged streets

　　○several administrative centers spread across the city

　　○many manufacturing workshops

　　○apartment complexes