托福阅读作者目的题练习(2)

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　　查看全部：托福阅读不同题型练习汇总

　　例一：The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into　Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early　1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game　animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark arrived at the　mouth of the Columbia River on November 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances.　They had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the　second of December did they kill their first elk. To keep 40 people alive that winter, they　consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands　in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation.　Later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became the　headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, deer populations continued to fluctuate.　David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the　animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final　contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states:" The deer which once　picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to　extermination in order to protect the crops."

　　The author tells the story of the explorers Lewis and Clark in paragraph 3 in order to　illustrate which of the following points?

　　○The number of deer within the Puget Sound region has varied over time.

　　○Most of the explorers who came to the Puget Sound area were primarily interested in　hunting game.

　　○There was more game for hunting in the East of the United States than in the West.

　　○Individual explorers were not as successful at locating games as were the trading　companies.

　　例二：The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls,　with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples,Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could　　cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why humanfigures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might　be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by　evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings.But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to　explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were　inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a　peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were　decreasing.

　　Why does the author mention that Upper Paleolithic cave art seemed to have “reached a　peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were　decreasing”?

　　○To argue that Upper Paleolithic art creased to include animals when herds of gamebecame scarce

　　○To provide support for the idea that the aim of the paintings was to increase the supply of　animals for hunting

　　○To emphasize the continued improvement in the quality of cave art throughout the Upper　Paleolithic period

　　例三： One of the most puzzling aspects of the paintings is their location. Other rock　paintings—for example, those of Bushmen in South Africa—are either located near cave　entrances or completely in the open. Cave paintings in France and Spain, however, are in　recesses and caverns far removed from original cave entrances. This means that artists　were forced to work in cramped spaces and without sources of natural light. It also implies　that whoever made them did not want them to be easily found. Since cave dwellers　normally lived close to entrances, there must have been some reason why so many　generations of Lascaux cave dwellers hid their art.

　　Why does the author mention Bushmen in South Africa in paragraph 2?

　　○To suggest that ancient artists from all over the world painted animals on rocks

　　○To contrast the location of their rock paintings to those found at Lascaux

　　○To support the claim that early artists worked in cramped spaces

　　○To give an example of other artists who painted in hidden locations

　　例四：Scholars offer three related but different opinions about the mysterious origin and　significance of these paintings. One opinion is that the paintings were a record of　seasonal migrations made by herds. Because some paintings were made directly over　others, obliterating them, it is probable that a painting’s value ended with the migration it　pictured. Unfortunately, this explanation fails to explain the hidden locations, unless the　migrations were celebrated with secret ceremonies.

　　Why does the author mention secret ceremonies?

　　○To present a common opinion held by many scholars

　　○To suggest a similarity between two opinions held by scholars

　　○To suggest a possible explanation for a weakness in an opinion expressed in the　passage

　　○To give evidence that contradicts a major opinion expressed in the passage

　　例五：Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations forreducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect　rather than absorb the Sun's rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal　　mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep　down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of　water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would　　normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been　measured in Grant's gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold　desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34　degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of　daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not　begin until well into the day.

　　The author uses of Grant's gazelle as an example of

　　○an animal with a low average temperature

　　○an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel

　　○a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures

　　○a desert animal with a constant body temperature