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托福阅读词汇题：Applied Arts

2015-08-11 15:47:01来源：网络

　　【托福阅读题型：Applied Arts词汇题】托福阅读中词汇题是重要题型之一。根据托福阅读题型不同来进行专项练习，是短期提高托福阅读能力的有效方法。同学们需要多加练习哦!

　　查看全部：托福阅读题型分类练习之词汇题

　　托福阅读词汇题：Applied Arts

　　【Paragraph 1】 Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct　them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their　being known as the "applied arts." Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple　categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports　must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in　their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their　application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides,　it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision,　have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can　vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm.　However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different　from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object's primary　function. (Applied Arts and Fine Arts)

　　The word “they” in the passage refers to

　　○applied-art objects

　　○the laws of physics

　　○containers

　　○the sides of pots

　　答案见下一页：

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