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托福阅读修辞目的题:Early Sea Trade with Asia

2015-08-12 17:09:03来源:网络

  【托福阅读题型:Early Sea Trade with Asia修辞目的题】托福阅读中句子插入题是重要题型之一。根据托福阅读题型不同来进行专项练习,是短期提高托福阅读能力的有效方法。同学们需要多加练习哦!

  查看全部:托福阅读题型分类练习之修辞目的题

  托福阅读修辞目的题:Early Sea Trade with Asia

  【Paragraph 4】The astrolabe had long been the primary instrument for navigation, having been introduced in the  eleventh century. It operated by measuring the height of the Sun and the fixed stars: by calculating the angles created by these points, it determined the degree of latitude at which one stood (The problem of determining longitude, though, was not solved until the eighteenth century.) By the early thirteenth century. Western Europeans had also developed and put into use the magnetic compass, which helped when clouds obliterated both the Sun and the stars. Also beginning in the thirteenth century, there were new maps refined by precise calculations and the reports of sailors that made it possible to  trace one's path with reasonable accuracy. Certain institutional and practical norms had become established as well. A maritime code known as the Consulate of the Sea, which originated in the western Mediterranean region in the fourteenth century, won acceptance by a majority of sea goers as the normative code for maritime conduct; it defined such matters as the authority of a ship's officers, protocols of command, pay structures, the rights of sailors, and the rules of engagement when ships met one another on the sea-lanes. Thus by about 1400 the key elements were in place to enable Europe to begin its seaward adventure.(Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia)

  Why does the author include the information that Western Europeans had developed and put into use the magnetic compass

  ○To provide an example of an instrument that was developed after caravels had begun traveling across oceans

  ○To provide an example of an improvement that resulted directly from the invention of the astrolabe

  ○To identify one of the technological advances that made sea trade with the East possible

  ○To explain how the problem of determining longitude was solved

  答案见下一页:

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