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托福阅读词汇题:arduous

2015-08-13 16:01:49来源:网络

  【托福阅读题型:arduous词汇题】托福阅读中词汇题是重要题型之一。根据托福阅读题型不同来进行专项练习,是短期提高托福阅读能力的有效方法。同学们需要多加练习哦!

  查看全部:托福阅读题型分类练习之词汇题

  托福阅读词汇题:arduous

  【Paragraph 6】Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and piling stone upon. Some of the world’s finest stone architecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the  eastern Andes Mountains of Peru. The doorways and windows are made possible by placing over the open spaces thick stone beams that support the weight from above. A structural invention had to be made before the physical limitations of  stone could be overcome and new architectural forms could be created. That invention was the arch, a curved structure originally made of separate stone or brick segments. The arch was used by the early cultures of the Mediterranean area  chiefly for underground drains, but it was the Romans who first developed and used the arch extensively in aboveground structures. Roman builders perfected the semicircular arch made of separate blocks of stone. As a method of spanning  space, the arch can support greater weight than a horizontal beam. It works in compression to divert the weight above it out to the sides, where the weight is borne by the vertical elements on either side of the arch. The arch is among the many important structural breakthroughs that have characterized architecture throughout the centuries.(Architecture)

  The word “arduous” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  ○difficult

  ○necessary

  ○skilled

  ○shared

  答案见下一页:

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