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托福独立写作段落拓展之例证法

2016-01-20 15:51:48来源：网络

　　例证法是托福独立写作主体段论述的重要手段之一。新东方在线托福网为大家带来托福独立写作段落拓展之例证法，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

　　中国有句老话：“工欲善其事，必先利其器。”独立写作作为一种主观题型，了解ETS考官的小心思是备考的重要组成。换句话来说，独立写作评分标准就是指导写作的风向标。满分评分细则有这样的介绍 using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplification and/or details. 由此可见，文章的详细论证，例证法是一个不二选择。所以，在介绍完 “因果推理法” 以及 “比较对比法” 之后今天和大家分享的就是—— “例证法”。

　　【何为例证法】

　　例证法是托福独立写作主体段论述的重要手段之一。文中的例子可以是一个词、一个句子或者几个句子组成的意群。比如：

　　词例：A university like Harvard is a prestigious one.

　　句例：For example, the failure of the Qing Dynasty of China proves that isolation from the outside world would be detrimental.

　　意群：For instance, Lionel Messi, my favorite football player, no one could believe that he was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency. However, his persistence and intense love for football kept him going on without hesitation and nothing could stop him from becoming an excellent player. Ultimately, the sporting director of Barcelona had been made aware of his talent and led him to a superiorly shining life. Now he has received FIFA World Player of the Year nomination in 2009 at the age of 21. This incident gives me a full understanding of the fact that how unbelievable results sports may bring to people.

　　【例证法的好处】

　　我们都知道，纯粹的论述有时候读起来比较呆板，而且文章细节的展开对逻辑和相关词汇量的要求比较高。于是，相对感性的“例证法”就可以在此大放异彩。通常，在托福独立写作中所使用到的例证以意群为单位的居多。并且这些例证主要分为两种类型，一种是通例，一种是特例。特例主要来源于真实和具有重大历史影响力的案例，比如：

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Society benefits more from great artists than from those of political leaders. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

　　First, political leaders play a decisive role in the development of economy. More specifically, national economy is closely related to policies formulated by political leaders. For instance, Franklin D Roosevelt, a dominant political leader, led the United States during a tough time of worldwide economic depression and war. His program for relief, recovery and reform, known as the New Deal, ushered American in an era of relatively low unemployment rate and stable society, which was a catalyst for a rapid development of industrial economy.

　　此外，同学们也可以采用相对比较容易的通例。这一类例子主要以个人背景知识和生活经验为来源，用起来也比较得心应手。比如：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to spend money on traveling and vacation than to save money for the future. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

　　In addition, the income for some people is so slender that they cannot afford the money for traveling. Those who do not have high income even worried about the consumption of house rent, food and clothing, so actually they havenot extra money to travel. My uncle is a case in point. He, who works in a factory, only has a salary of 600RMB per month, and he does not have much money left after paying the above-mentioned expenses of the family. Never has he spent money on traveling or vacation because of the lack of money.

　　综上，托福作文的例子最好有多样性、具体性和趣味性。同一篇文章中尽量运用不同类型的例子论证文章的主题，尤其是美国主流文化中涉及的人物和事件。素材收集同学们可以多读一些英语原文，比如《经济学人》(The Economics)等。此外，自身经很多也可以成为例子，但是要注意写得具体可信，即符合例子“具体化”的要求。

　　以上就是新东方在线托福网为你带来的托福独立写作段落拓展之例证法，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线托福网。

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