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托福阅读：农业起源

2016-04-25 17:12:35来源：网络

　　为了帮助大家学习托福阅读背景知识，更快提高托福阅读成绩，新东方在线托福网为大家带来托福阅读：农业起源一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

　　The Origins of Agriculture

　　农业起源

　　P1: How did it come about that farming developed independently in a number of world centers (the Southeast Asian mainland, Southwest Asia, Central America, lowland and highland South America, and equatorial Africa) at more or less the same time? Agriculture developed slowly among populations that had an extensive knowledge of plants and animals. Changing from hunting and gathering to agriculture had no immediate advantages. To start with, it forced the population to abandon the nomad's life and become sedentary, to develop methods of storage and, often, systems of irrigation. While hunter-gatherers always had the option of moving elsewhere when the resources were exhausted, this became more difficult with farming. Furthermore, as the archaeological record shows, the state of health of agriculturalists was worse than that of their contemporary hunter-gatherers.

　　******

　　force

　　v. 迫使

　　abandon

　　v. 放弃

　　nomad

　　adj. 游牧的

　　sedentary

　　adj. 定居的，久坐的

　　storage

　　n. 存储

　　irrigation

　　n. 灌溉

　　exhausted

　　adj. 精疲力尽的

　　contemporary

　　adj. 当代的

　　To start with, it forced the population to abandon the nomad's life and become sedentary, to develop methods of storage and, often, systems of irrigation. While hunter-gatherers always had the option of moving elsewhere when the resources were exhausted, this became more difficult with farming.

　　首先，它会迫使人们放弃游牧生活并定居下来，发明贮存方法和通常所需的灌溉系统。采集狩猎者往往可以选择在资源耗尽的时候迁到他处，对于耕作者来说就没这么容易。

　　P2: Traditionally, it was believed that the transition to agriculture was the result of a worldwide population crisis. It was argued that once hunter-gatherers had occupied the whole world, the population started to grow everywhere and food became scarce; agriculture would have been a solution to this problem. We know, however, that contemporary hunter-gatherer societies control their population in a variety of ways. The idea of a world population crisis is therefore unlikely, although population pressure might have arisen in some areas.

　　******

　　crisis

　　n. 危机

　　scarce

　　adj. 缺乏的

　　arise

　　v. 出现

　　It was argued that once hunter-gatherers had occupied the whole world, the population started to grow everywhere and food became scarce; agriculture would have been a solution to this problem.

　　有人认为一旦采集狩猎者遍及全世界，人口开始增长，食物变得匮乏，农业便是解决这个问题的一个方法。

本文关键字: 托福阅读 托福阅读背景知识

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