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托福阅读：关于建筑Architecture

2016-04-28 16:38:58来源：网络

　　为了帮助大家学习托福阅读背景知识，更快提高托福阅读成绩，新东方在线托福网为大家带来托福阅读：关于建筑Architecture一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

　　architecture：n. 建筑

　　enclose：v. 围住，圈起，封入

　　practical：adj.实用的

　　symbolic：adj.象征的

　　directly：adv. 直接地

　　determine：v.决定

　　utilize: v. 利用

　　achieve: v. 完成

　　seek: v. 寻找

　　shelter：v. 保护

　　enhance：v. 提高

　　contribute：v. 捐献，提供 (contribute to： v. 促成，有助于)

　　enrich：v. 使富有

　　complement：v. 补充，补助;n. 补充物

　　feasible：adj. 可行的 注：考词汇题，等于achievable

　　define：v. 解释，限定，规定

　　contemporary：adj.当代的

　　trace：n.痕迹

　　be traced to：追溯到

　　meet: v. 满足

　　be based on: 根据

　　devise：v. 设计发明 注：考词汇题，等于create

　　in relation to：与…有关

　　in terms of: 根据，就…而言

　　deal with: 处理

　　withstand: v. 抵抗，反抗，承受

　　Architecture is the art and science of designing structures that organize and enclose space for practical and symbolic purposes. Because architecture grows out of human needs and aspirations, it clearly communicates cultural values. Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.

　　Architecture is a three-dimensional form. It utilizes space, mass, texture, line, light, and color. To be architecture, a building must achieve a working harmony with a variety of elements. Humans instinctively seek structures that will shelter and enhance their way of life. It is the work of architects to create buildings that are not simply constructions but also offer inspiration and delight. Buildings contribute to human life when they provide shelter, enrich space, complement their site, suit the climate, and are economically feasible. The client who pays for the building and defines its function is an important member of the architectural team. The mediocre design of many contemporary buildings can be traced to both clients and architects.

　　In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically. The world’s architectural structures have also been devised in relation to the objective limitations of materials. Structures can be analyzed in terms of how they deal with downward forces created by gravity. They are designed to withstand the forces of compression (pushing together), tension (pulling apart), bending, or a combination of these in different parts of the structure.

本文关键字: 托福阅读 托福阅读背景知识

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