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托福阅读：玩耍plays an important role

2016-04-28 16:42:52来源：网络

　　为了帮助大家学习托福阅读背景知识，更快提高托福阅读成绩，新东方在线托福网为大家带来托福阅读：玩耍plays an important role一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

　　Passage

　　P1：Play is easier to define with examples than with concepts. In any case, in animals it consists of leaping, running, climbing, throwing, wrestling, and other movements, either along, with objects, or with other animals. Depending on the species, play may be primarily for social interaction, exercise, or exploration. One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play is that it involves the same behaviors that take place in other circumstance--dominance, predation, competition, and real fighting. Thus, whether play occurs or not depends on the intention of the animals, and the intentions are not always clear from behaviors alone.

　　难词解析：

　　consists of 由..组成

　　species n. 物种

　　primarily adv. 主要地

　　interaction n. 互动

　　take place 发生

　　dominance n. 主导

　　circumstance n. 情况

　　predation n. 捕食

　　alone adv. 仅仅

　　难句解析：

　　One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play is [that it involves the same behaviors [that take place in other circumstances – dominance, predation, competition, and real fighting]].

　　给玩下一个清楚明确的定义的难点之一就是它(玩)涉及到了在其他情况下，比如占领，捕食，竞争和真正打斗过程中会有的相同行为。

　　P2：Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may not be the same for every species that plays. Determining the functions of play is difficult because the functions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing up until the animal's adulthood.

　　难词解析：

　　Sophisticated adj. 复杂的; 精致的

　　Mammal n. 哺乳动物

　　Primate n. 灵长类的动物

　　Show up 出现

　　难句解析：

　　Determining the functions of play is difficult because the functions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing up until the animal's adulthood.

　　确定玩耍的功能很难，因为它的功能是长期的，伴随着一些直到动物成年才会显现出来的有利影响。

本文关键字: 托福阅读 托福阅读背景知识

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