托福语法课程讲义:语法三大从句-副词性从句

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　　第五课

　　5.1. 三大从句-副词性从句

　　5.2. 副词性从句详解全攻略

　　5.3. 阅读实战举例

　　思考一:复杂从句产生的根本原因是什么?

　　答案：简单词不够

　　思考二：怎么办?

　　答案：连接词

　　思考：状语从句与名词性从句和形容词性 从句的本质区别是什么?

　　状语从句是状语性质

　　名词性从句是成分

　　形容词性从句必有先行词+关系词

　　状语九大类

　　时间、2. 地点、3. 原因、4. 目的、

　　5. 结果、

　　6. 条件、7. 让步、8. 比较、9. 方式

　　一、时间状语从句

　　1)when 短暂延续皆可。

　　过过式：He left when I got there.

　　过完式：He left when I had got there.

　　过进式：The doorbell rang when I was telephoning.

　　进过式：I was telephoning when the doorbell rang.

　　主将从现：I'll speak to him when he arrives.

　　2)while：延续动词。

　　The doorbell rang while we were watching TV.

　　3)until的用法：

　　延+until+短：Wait until he comes back.

　　短+until+短

　　He didn't leave the office until his boss came

　　back.

　　4)表示“一……就”的结构

　　as soon as, once, the minute, the momenth

　　如：It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.

　　hardly…when, scarcely…when和no sooner…than

　　Hardly I arrived home when it began to rain.

　　二、地点状语从句

　　地点状语从句：where+陈述句

　　Stay where you are.

　　三、原因状语从句

　　because，for，as，since

　　四、目的状语从句

　　so that，in order that，that

　　如：I turned off the TV in order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet.

　　五、结果状语从句

　　so…that和such…that

　　The food in our school canteen is so bad that flies go there to lose weight.

　　He is such a good teacher that everyone likes him.

　　六、条件状语从句

　　if，unless，as long as

　　七、让步状语从句

　　though,

　　although,

　　even though、

　　even if

　　八、比较状语从句

　　1)as…as

　　as+形容词或副词+as：

　　Frank is as smart as Stone.

　　2)than的基本用法

　　可比性问题：

　　Frank is taller than Stone.

　　3)表示倍数比较的三种句型结构

　　“倍数+比较级”结构：

　　A is three times bigger than B

　　“倍数+as…as”结构：

　　A is three times as big as B

　　“倍数+名词“结构：

　　A is three times the size of B

　　4)the more…, the more

　　九、方式状语从句

　　as, like, as if, as though、the way

　　如：Do it the way you were taught.

　　复杂句产生的根本原因是，一个简单的词无法解决表达的问题!

　　Throughout human history there have been many stringent taboos concerning watching other people eat or eating in the presence of others. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved

　　5 and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging. Undoubtedly such elements exist in the taboos, but there is an additional element with a much more fundamental importance. In prehistoric times, when food was so precious and the

　　10 on-lookers so hungry, not to offer half of the little food one had was unthinkable, since every glance was a plea for life. Further, during those times, people existed in nuclear or extended family groups, and the sharing of food was quite literally supporting one's family or, by extension, preserving one's self.

　　When the Spanish first came to Mexico, they intermarried with and absorbed the culture of the indigenous Indians. This policy of colonization through acculturation was continued when Mexico acquired Texas in the early 1800's and brought the indigenous Indians into 10 Mexican life and government. In the 1820's, United States citizens migrated to Texas, attracted by land suitable for cotton. As their numbers became more substantial, their policy of acquiring land by subduing native populations began to dominate. The two ideologies clashed repeatedly, culminating in a military conflict that led to victory for the15 United States. Thus, suddenly deprived of our parent culture, we had to evolve uniquely Mexican-American modes of thought and action in order to survive.

　　A Marxist sociologist has argued that racism stems from the class struggle that is unique to the capitalist system—that racial prejudice is generated by capitalists as a means of controlling workers. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the 5 United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. However, since prejudice against these latter10 peoples was not inspired by capitalists, he has to reason that such antagonisms were not really based on race. He disposes thusly (albeit unconvincingly) of both the intolerance faced by Jews before the rise of capitalism and the early twentieth-century discrimination against Oriental people in California, which, inconveniently, was instigated by15 workers.

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