托福阅读修辞目的题详析

　　为了帮助大家高效备考托福，熟悉托福阅读修辞目的题，新东方在线托福网为大家带来托福阅读修辞目的题详析一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

　　大家好，我要和大家讨论的这个托福阅读题型对于一些还未系统学习阅读解题技巧的学生来说相对较难，但是不难发现，如果学生相对较好地了解了一些解题的捷径的时候，不仅省下了宝贵的考试时间，还增加了解题的正确率。今天，我就和大家分享一下托福阅读中修辞目的题的一些解题技巧。

　　丨一、修辞目的题小题型分类

　　托福阅读当中题型相对较多，因此要正确运用上课老师梳理过的各个题型的解题方法，就必须快速根据题目问法锁定某个题型。修辞目的题的一般问法都和“作者意图”，“段落目的”以及“段落和文章结构”相关。比如如下几种常见提问方式：“The author discusses… in paragraph… in order to…? ”; “What is the purpose of Paragraph …?” ; “Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph…?”。而我们今天要讨论的是其中第二种，即：“段落目的”。

　　丨二、解题方法梳理和举例题分析

　　TPO Infantile Amnesia例题：

　　How might this inability to recall early experiences be explained? The sheer passage of time does not account for it; adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier. Another seemingly plausible explanation—that infants do not form enduring memories at this point in development—also is incorrect. Children two and a half to three years old remember experiences that occurred in their first year, and eleven month olds remember some events a year later. Nor does the hypothesis that infantile amnesia reflects repression—or holding back—ofsexually charged episodes explain the phenomenon. While such repression may occur, people cannot remember ordinary events from the infant and toddler periods either.

　　1. What purpose doesparagraph 2 serve in the larger discussion of children’s inability to recallearly experiences?

　　○To argue that theories that are not substantiated by evidence should generally be considered unreliable

　　○To argue that the hypotheses mentioned inparagraph 2 have been more thoroughly researched than have the theories mentioned later in the passage

　　○To explain why some theories about infantile amnesia are wrong before presenting ones more likely to be true

　　○To explain why infantile amnesia is of great interest to researchers

　　首先拿到这个题目就可以根据 what purpose does paragraph 2 serve...很简单地判断出这是一个修辞目的题当中的询问段落目的的题目。一般询问段落目的的目的题，我们不应该去通读全文，因为那样会浪费很多实考的考试时间，而且正确率还不一定高。而我们可以根据一下几个步骤进行解题，省时的同时，还提高了答题正确率：1 找出被问段落的中心，然后大致扫读一下段落其他部分确定自己刚才心中确定的句子确实是中心句;2 看被问段落临近段落中心或结构(因为有时候被问的段落是被放在整篇文章的背景下询问目的的)。而且此类题型一般要注意段落的结构比内容更重要，因为这里更多的是考察段落作为整体的一种目的。

　　所以这个题目，我们应该先找p2的中心句。一般阅读中心句位于段落开头或结尾，以及段中一些有明显转折意思的附近，一般位于开头的比较多。这里我们找到p2第一句“How might this inability to recall early experiences be explained?”，很容易判断，这个段落很可能是“自问自答”的段落结构;然后扫读一下后面的内容，根据“The sheer passage of time does not account for it./Another seemingly plausible explanation…/ Nor does the hypothesis that…”发现这个段落是一个设问，加上三个解释的框架，而且根据前面摘取出来的内容的否定词可以判断，三个解释都没有回答第一个设问问的内容。

　　这时，我们不是去纠结为什么这三个解释为什么没有解决问题，而是去临近段落去找答案。

　　How might this inability to recall early experiences be explained? The sheer passage of time does not account for it; adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier. Another seemingly plausible explanation—that infants do not form enduring memories at this point in development—also is incorrect. Children two and a half to three years old remember experiences that occurred in their first year, and eleven month olds remember some events a year later. Nor does the hypothesis that infantile amnesia reflects repression—or holding back—of sexually charged episodes explain the phenomenon. While such repression may occur, people cannot remember ordinary events from the infant and toddler periods either.

　　Three other explanations seem more promising. One involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes ofthe brain continues throughout early childhood, and this part of the brain maybe critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be retrieved later. Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers' long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier, such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories, but not ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions.

　　A second explanation involves…

　　A third likely explanation for infantile amnesia involves …

　　This view is supported by a variety of factors that can createmismatches between very young children's encoding and older children's andadults' retrieval efforts…

　　These three explanations of infantile amnesia are not mutually exclusive; indeed, they support each other. …

　　我们可以发现p3和p2有着很密切的关系，因为p3第一句“Three other explanations seem more promising.”和p3第二句“One involves…”;p4第一句“A second explanation…”以及p5第一句“A third likely explanation for infantile amnesia…”才是真正解决p2第一句那个设问的答案。而且在这里，我们不需要具体去看为什么这三个解释是合理的。我们只要得出一个结论：p2是一个设问加三个未解决问题的解释，p345每段给出了一个合理的解释即可。

　　最后我们可以具体分析一下选项了：

　　1. What purpose does paragraph 2 serve in the larger discussion of children’s inability to recallearly experiences?

　　○To argue that theories that are not substantiated by evidence should generally be considered unreliable(去说明没有被证据支撑的理论一般被认为是不可靠的。)

　　○To argue that the hypotheses mentioned inparagraph 2 have been more thoroughly researched than have the theories mentioned later in the passage(去说明第二段提到的假说比后文提到的更透彻地被研究了。)

　　○To explain why some theories about infantile amnesia are wrong before presenting ones more likely to be true(在呈现一些更可靠的理论之前，解释了为什么关于婴儿健忘症的理论是错误的。)

　　○To explain why infantile amnesia is of great interest to researchers(去解释为什么婴儿健忘症对于研究者那么有吸引力。)

　　选项当中，一定要注意里面的修饰成分，因为一般对于长难句分析掌握的不是很好的同学，总有很大的干扰。比如b当中“mentionedin paragraph2”;“mentioned later in the passage”，都属于修饰前面n的后置定语，这些基本的长难句拆分是大家在基础阶段要解决的问题。所以，根据以上分析，我们可以得出答案是第三个。

　　通过上面一个看似要看全篇，却在运用了解题技巧之后，在基本掌握结构的基础之上就解答了的问题可以看出，阅读解题方法对题目的解题是多么重要。希望大家之后都能稳扎稳打，一步一个脚印攻克一个个阅读难题。

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