从高考语文现代文阅读到托福阅读

　　为了帮助大家高效备考托福，熟悉托福阅读，新东方在线托福网为大家带来从高考语文现代文阅读到托福阅读一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

　　从高考到托福的文章已经出了两期，从这一期开始，我们接受一些读者提问，各位读者在阅读过程中可以提问，产生的一些思考也可以和我们分享。

　　上一期咱们一起精读了一整篇未删节版的高考现代文阅读，之后做了一个表格分析文本的段落大意及段落结构，发现其开头段及主体段中的句子结构和托福阅读篇章特别相似。咱们在学习托福阅读的时候说过文章结构，首段：介绍背景及引出下文;之后的主体段：主旨句Topic sentence + 解释句Explain + 举例子Examples + 总结句Summary。 其实跟我们高考语文有异曲同工之妙。有同学可能会提出质疑，怎么就相似了呢?咱们得讲证据;所以，口说无凭，咱们今天来看看托福真题的文本，做一下对比阅读。

　　咱们来读一下删节版的全文(留下首段及主体段主旨句)，先分析下整个第一段，看看段落组成及结构，之后看下整个文章的结构，对全文各个段落有更好把握。

　　对比阅读：TPO-19 The Roman Army's Impact on Britain

　　In the wake of the Roman Empire's conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy. Assessing the impact of the army on the civilian population starts from the realization that the soldiers were always unevenly distributed across the country. Areas rapidly incorporated into the empire were not long affected by the military. Where the army remained stationed, its presence was much more influential. The imposition of a military base involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and the territory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers' animals. The imposition of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown. This then meant that the military had to remain to suppress rebellion and organize government.

　　首段的第一句话，虽然句子很长，但其实只需要留下 these troops had a considerable impact on Britain;也就是第一句说的是罗马军队对英国有影响。这句话相当于对题目的阐述，交代了文章的整个大背景。 之后2～4句其实交代前提，开始具体的说开，要估算军队对平民的影响首先要了解一个事实：士兵不是平均分布的。那既然不是平均分布，肯定是有多有少的。所以，第三句接着说了有些地方士兵少：很快融入帝国的区域;第四句说有些地方士兵多影响大：军队驻扎的地方。第5～7句说回重点，也就是what，到底有哪些影响：军营先要征地;然后会抢走当地领导参与政府的机会;之后社会发展受阻，人民不满而反抗，最后军事镇压。

　　所以总共7句话的段落，分层三个层次，主旨句+前提说明+重点阐述。事实上，段落第一句就完成了background+introduction双重目的：英国被罗马帝国征服+ 士兵的营地/防御工事以及参与当地经济所造成的影响。

　　Economic exchange was clearly very important as the Roman army brought with it very substantial spending power. …… Such activities had a major effect on the local area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which improved access to remote areas.

　　第二段一开始就交代了经济交换的影响：强大的购买力，以及帮助修建基础设施。(要想富，先修路)

　　Each soldier received his pay, but in regions without a developed economy there was initially little on which it could be spent. …… These settlements acted like small towns, becoming centers for the artisan and trading populations.

　　第三段还是在讲经济：刚来的时候士兵有钱没地方花;最后军队驻扎地变成了小镇。

　　The army also provided a mean of personal advancement for auxiliary soldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary Roman citizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment. …… By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarely transferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts were no longer populated or maintained at full strength.

　　第四段开始讲另一个重大影响：当地人通过当兵获得可继承的罗马公民地位。

　　This process of settling in as a community over several generations, combined with local recruitment, presumably accounts for the apparent stability of the British northern frontier in the later Roman period. It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain, at the beginning of the fifth century A.D. The circumstances that had allowed natives to become Romanized also led the self-sustaining military community of the frontier area to become effectively British.

　　第五段，做了个小总结，讲这种融合过程及当地招募促进了北部边境的稳定。

　　我们既分析了第一段整个段落的结构，也对全文结构有了一个框架性的梳理。看完之后大家应该对我们之前提出的论点更加信服了——托福阅读与高考现代文阅读的文章结构有异曲同工之妙，都符合说明文的基本套路。

　　既然我们知道了这个秘密，那么托福备考之路上又多了一个有用的武器—-高考现代文阅读题，确保中文题目能全部做对，这样才能确保找重点看结构等阅读能力没有问题，再去做托福阅读的话题分是自然的事。但是问题来了，许多同学肯定会觉得高考现代文阅读也看不下去，那方法还是很简单，用题目来挑战自己!

　　以上就是新东方在线托福网为你带来的从高考语文现代文阅读到托福阅读，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线托福网。