托福阅读并列关系解题法

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　　在托福阅读的解题过程中，我们会用到各种逻辑关系，其中包括常见的因果、转折、比较、并列、递进等，其中的“并列关系”看似不起眼，但其实在阅读的许多题型中都有广泛的应用。

　　首先我们来看一下并列关系的连接词：

　　And/also/or

　　As well as

　　In addition

　　Not only…but (also)…

　　那么这些容易被忽视的连接词，到底有哪些妙用呢?

　　一：词汇题

　　Paragraph 1: Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.

　　The word “despondent” in the passage is closest in meaning to (2)

　　○ curious

　　○ unhappy

　　○ thoughtful

　　○ uncertain

　　在这个词汇题中，与考察的词despondent平行的是用or 连接的happy, 我们知道，用or连接的两个词，要么意思相同，要么相反，根据这题的语境，应该是相反的意思，所以答案是B。

　　二：排除列举题

　　Paragraph 3: The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.

　　All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as places that sediment-laden rivers can deposit their sediments EXCEPT

　　○A mountain valley

　　○Flat land

　　○A lake floor

　　○The seafloor

　　不难发现，这题的C和D选项在文中是or 连接的并列关系，既然是单选题，可以轻松的把这两个选项一起排除掉，在A与B中做选择即可，这样可以快速锁定解题的关键点，提升做题的速度。

　　三：句子插入题

　　Runaway slaves usually traveled alone or in small groups. Most were young men between the ages of 16 and 35. █ The fugitives hid in wagons and boxes in steamers. █ They traveled on foot through swamps and woods and sometimes in broad daylight. █ Boys disguised themselves as girls, and girls dressed as boys. In one well-know incident, twenty-eight slaves escaped by walking in a funeral procession from Kentucky to Ohio. █

　　Women and children also escaped, but they were more easily captured.

　　这题要我们插入的句子中有两个逻辑连接词，分别是also和but, 而插入题考察的是句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，所以对于我们解题有用的是also, 由此推出黑方框之前必然有与women and children 并列的一类人，那就是第一个方框之前的young men, 所以答案就是A。