新托福综合写作题目:秘鲁Tazca lines

　　2017年9月17日托福写作考试有哪些新考点内容呢？新东方在线托福网为大家带来新新托福综合写作题目:秘鲁Tazca lines一文，更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网（http://toefl.koolearn.com）!

　　新托福综合写作考试日期

　　2017年9月17日

　　新托福综合写作Task 1

　　Integrated writing

　　新托福综合写作题目回忆版本一:

　　Nazca Line 三个理论 astronomical calendar, nazca人文化社会的象征(像金字塔一样), travel by foot 然后lecture把三个理论都反驳了。

　　新托福综合写作题目回忆版本二:

　　综合写作：

　　Nacza Lines为什么形成的三种理论：

　　1.用来记录星象变化，因为有些图案像天上的星星。

　　但教授反驳还有无数的图案根本不能match到天上的星星，而且仅有的那些像的图案也只是巧合而已。

　　2. 一种表达文化的艺术形式，因为很壮观。

　　教授反驳说在高处看确实很壮观，但在平地看就not visible，根本不能识别，所以不可能是人为创作的艺术作品。

　　3. 是人们赛跑的轨道，因为有很多人的足迹。

　　教授反驳说这些足迹很复杂，还包含了动物的脚印，很难定位，而且不一定是用来赛跑的，可能是人们进行宗教仪式时留下来的。

　　新托福综合写作题目回忆版本三:

　　Tazca lines, 秘鲁的一片地方

　　R&L对照

　　Reading:

　　1、它和天文探索相关。

　　2、monument和文化有关。

　　3、因为发现foot trace,所以和athletic victory有关。

　　Lecture:反驳。

　　1、天上星星这么多，有一些与images对应的是偶然。

　　2、只有从上方看才觉得它壮观，在地上看没什么感觉。金字塔是因为它高，它太矮了。

　　3、animal image不方便，可能那些是因为religious rituals or ceremonies。

　　(重复2016-06-25大陆真题)

　　新托福综合写作原文：

　　The straight lines and the central shape with straight line are “Nazca Lines”

　　The term “Nazca Lines” refer to a series of images created in the desert of Peru about 2,000 years ago. These images,many depicting geometric shapes, are extremely large with some covering several kilometers. Although researchers know how the Nazca Lines were created--the top layer of dark rocks were removed from the desert floor, exposing the lighter soil underneath--they remain uncertain why they were created. Several theories have been suggested to account for the presence of these lines.

　　One theory is that the Nazca Lines were used as an astronomical calendar for tracking events such as the winter solstice (the day with shortest number of daylight hours) that were important to agricultural peoples. This theory was supported by the discovery of an astronomical link between some of the images and various planets and stars. It was pointed out, for example, that on the day of the winter solstice, the Sun sets almost directly over a single long line drawn in the desert.

　　Another theory is that the Nazca images were created as a monument alart form expressing the Nazca people’s cultural and social importance in the region. Many ancient peoples built large monuments and artworks to demonstrate their power and celebrate their achievements. The Egyptians built massive pyramids, for example, and Easter Islanders curved massive human heads out of stone. It seems reasonable, therefore, to think that the Nazca images were built for similar reasons--to impress others.

　　A third theory focuses on the fact that there is evidence that people traveled by foot along the line. This has led to the speculation that the Nazca Lines represented sites of footraces in which individuals or groups of individuals competed for athletic victory. In this view, the Nazca images are ancient racetracks.

　　Listening

　　The three theories that you read give some very creative explanations for the Nazca Lines. But none holds up well unto the examination.

　　First, about the Nazca Lines as indicators of astronomic events. What the reading didn’t mention is that the vast majority of Nazca images don’t match up with anything observable in the sky. And for the few images they do, well, you know, there are hundreds of Nazca images and countless objects in the sky. Given these numbers, of course, a few line up. That would happen just by chance.

　　Second, the Nazca images as art. Well, it is certainly true that Nazca images are large, but they are impressive really only when seen from overhead, like in an airplane. When you’re simply standing on the ground next to one of these images, it is not impressive at all. The landscape is too flat and the images are too large to allow people on the ground to recognize them. This is very different from the pyramids and the Easter Island stones. They are not just large, they are tall. It is their great height them makes them visible and impressive.

　　Third, the idea that people were using the lines as racing tracks. Some of the images are in the shape of animals.There is a monkey, a hummingbird, a spider and so on. And these images are too complex to make good locations for foot race. Ok, so what could count for the evidence that foot traveled along the line? We can’t be sure of course, but we know that other prehistoric peoples in the region had religious rituals that involved walking along especially created pathways. It could be that Nazca line played a role in religious rituals or ceremonies that involved walking along the line.

　　新托福综合写作详细解析：

　　阅读主要观点：位于秘鲁沙漠中的纳斯卡线条是由一系列的图案组成的，已经存在了2000年。研究人员对纳斯卡线条是如何产生的已经有所了解，但是仍然不清楚创造纳斯卡线条的目的。对于纳斯卡线条存在的原因有三个不同的推测。

　　分论点一：第一个推测——纳斯卡线条是一本天文日历，农民用来记录重要的天文日期，如冬至。

　　分论点二：第二个猜测——纳斯卡线条是纪念纳斯卡人的文化并彰显社会地位的历史遗迹。

　　分论点三：第三个猜测——由于纳斯卡线条上有人们行走的脚印，所以有可能是古代的跑道。

　　听力主要观点：阅读文章给出的三个推测都经不起仔细推敲。

　　分论点一：纳斯卡线条包含了很多的图案，大部分的图案和天文学是没有任何关联的。所以阅读中提到的现象只是巧合。

　　分论点二：纳斯卡线条中的图案特别大，只有在高空俯视的时候才会感受到纳斯卡图案的壮观。然而，秘鲁的地形十分平坦，所以站在平地上的人们无法欣赏到纳斯卡线条中壮观的图案。而阅读中提到的埃及金字塔和复活节岛的什么石像不仅大还特别高，所以它们的高大让人们印象深刻。所以纳斯卡线条不太可能是一种文化的象征。

　　分论点三：教授认为纳斯卡线条不可能是跑道，因为脚印中有猴子、蜂鸟和蜘蛛的脚印。这些脚印十分复杂，不太可能用它们来定位跑道。纳斯卡人可能是在举行一些宗教仪式的时候沿着特定的路线行走，留下的痕迹。

　　新托福综合写作范文：

　　The writer made the point that three theories had been suggested to account for the presence of the Nazca lines. On the contrary, the professor thought that none of these explanations held up well under examination.

　　First, contrary to the belief in the reading passage that the Nazca lines were used as indicators of astronomical events, the professor said that the astronomical link between some of the images and various planets and stars happened just by chance. But the vast majority of Nazca images did not match up with anything observable in the sky.

　　Another important point showed in the listening material was that the Nazca images were just large. And the landscape of the Nazca was so flat, so people on the ground cannot recognize the Nazca images. This was very different from the pyramids and the Easter Island stones, which were not only large but also tall. As a result, the Nazca images were not visible and impressive which challenges the standpoint made by the writer who said the Nazca images were created as a monumental art from.

　　Finally, the professor stated that the Nazca lines played a role in religious rituals or ceremonies, but the reading presented a conflicting idea that the Nazca images were ancient racetracks. According to the listening, the images were too complex to make good locations for footraces because the images were in the shape of animals, such as a monkey, a spider and so on. And the professor pointed out that other prehistoric peoples in the region had religious rituals that involve walking along specially created pathways.

　　以上就是新东方在线托福网为你带来的新托福写作题目及范文:秘鲁Tazca lines，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线托福网（http://toefl.koolearn.com）。