托福独立写作经典范文：社会与环境

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　　托福独立写作话题：

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To solve the problems of the present and the future, people should learn from the past.

　　参考范文：

　　As a famous saying goes, those who cannot learn from history are cloomed to repeat it. But, can the past really say something about the present, or even the future? Many people do believe that the past is a key to understanding the present and the future. However, I do not. I believe that lessons from the past are neither efficient nor useful in helping with the complicated issues of the present and the future.

　　First of all, methods from the past are not always efficient in solving present problems. Many time modern problems require a modern, unprecedented solution. Take Franklin D. Roosevelt, for example, who I believe saved America from the Great Depression and enlarged the power of federal government, used his own perspective to judge the current problems instead of taking his policy from ex-president Hoover. He established the New Deal, which I believe saved America from collapse. I think that if Roosevelt had followed the past, America would not have grown into a powerful country. Ignoring the past may help us to develop a new insight into a specific problem, which will eventually lead us to success. This reminds us that the experience of the past is not always useful.

　　In the second place, learning the past is useless in handling new problems connected with scientific advancement. Many new technologies regularly enter our world with the continuous development of science and technology, but the present technical problems that cannot be solved through historical experience. In our time, Steve Jobs designed the iPhone. If a device like the iPhone is broken, it is impossible for us to repair it by looking up historical records. Consequently, always concentrating on methods offered by the past can be invalid in processing new technical problems. In other words, understanding the current situation is more meaningful and useful than searching through the past.

　　This is not to say there is no reason to study history. Many people believe that reading about history can be extraordinarily inspiring. They argue that many great ideas have come from reflections on history. However, learning to understand the current situation can also bring a wealth of enlightenment. What is more, people may find more purposeful solutions when paying more attention to the current situation.

　　To sum up, I believe that a review of history cannot help in overcoming the difficulties we meet at present and will meet in the future.

　　参考译文：

　　有句名言说： 不能从历史中吸取教训的人必将重蹈覆辙。但是，历史真的能言明现在甚至未来的一些事情吗?很多人都认为过去是理解现在和未来的一把钥匙。但我不这么认为。在我看来，对于当今和未来的错综复杂的问题，历史的教训是无效的，也是无用的。

　　首先，过去的方法在解决当今问题上并不总是有效。很多时候，现代的问题需要一种新式的、前所未有的解决方案。以富兰克林 • 罗斯福为例。我认为他把美国从大萧条中拯救了出来，并扩大了联邦政府的权力。他运用自己的视角来判断当时的问题，而没有采纳前总统胡佛的政策。在我看来， 他创立的新政将美国从崩溃的边缘拯救了回来。我想如果罗斯福当时效法历史，那么美国就不会发展成为一个强大的国家。忽略过去也许会帮助我们培养一种针对特 定问题的新视角，这最终将引导我们走向成功。这提醒我们，过去的经验并非总是有用。

　　其次，学习过去对于解决与科学发展相关的新问题没有价值。随着科技的持续发展，新技术也在不断走入我们的生活，但当今技术问题无法通过历史经验来解决。在 我们时代，史蒂夫 • 乔布斯设计了 iPhone。如果像 iPhone 这样的设备坏了，我们是不可能通过查寻历史记录来修复它的。因此，始终专注于过去提出的方法在处理新的技术问题上可能是无效的。换句话说，比起搜寻过往， 了解目前的状况是更有意义，也是更有用的。

　　然而， 这并不是说就没有理由去研究历史了。许多人认为，阅读历史能够极大地启发灵感。他们认为，很多伟大的想法都来自于对历史的反思。然而，学习了解当前的情况也能带来启示的财富。更重要的是，当人们对现状关注更多时，他们可能会找到更多更有针对性的解决方案。综上所述，我认为，对历史的回顾并不能帮助我们克服当前和将来会遇到的困难。

　　范文解析：

　　这 篇范文共五段。引子、问题、观点、铺垫仍然是首段四要素。但笔者在引子和问题两个要素上进行了句型的变化，考生可多加揣摩。对于题目设定的议题，范文的观 点可能不随大流，即了解过去并不能解决我们目前和将来会遇到的问题。考生无须担心其观点与大多数人不同，只要论述有力、逻辑严谨即可。文章的主体段主要围 绕学习历史无法帮助人们解决当下问题和新技术带来的问题两个角度阐述。让步段的要素并未发生变化。笔者让步的主要内容是“阅读历史可以很有启发”，而对其 驳斥的观点则是“了解现状也是启发的财富所在”。文章最后，笔者用一句话简明地重申了观点。总体而言，这篇文章字数适中，尤其是罗斯福的案例更是亮点所 在。

　　加分词汇：

　　unprecedented [ʌnˈpresɪˌdentɪd] adj. 前所未有的;空前的

　　collapse [kəˈlæps] n. 倒塌;瓦解

　　eventually [ɪˈventʃuəli] adv. 最后;终于

　　remind [rɪˈmaɪnd] vt. 提醒;使想起

　　invalid [ɪnˈvælɪd] adj. 无效的;作废的

　　overcome [ˌəʊvə(r)ˈkʌm] v. 克服;战胜

　　a wealth of enlightenment：启示的财富

　　in other words：换句话说

　　scientifi c advancement：科学进步

　　经典句型：

　　this is not to say ...：这并不是说……

　　sth. is neither ... nor ... in ...：某物在……方面，既不……，也不……

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