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托福高分阅读材料:美国州际公路系统

2017-09-29 18:28:39来源:网络

  为了帮助考生更好的备考托福阅读,在考试中取得比较理想的成绩,下面新东方在线托福网为大家带来托福高分阅读材料:美国州际公路系统一文,更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

  内容回忆:

  第一段提出北美高速系统的建立及其优点。第二段讲解高速系统的缺点。第三四段讲解修建高速系统对于老城区造成的破坏。第五段讲解高速系统的对于沿途经济发展的促进作用。

  参考阅读:TPO33-2 Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century United States

  By 1850 the United States possessed roughly 9,000 miles of railroad track; then years later it had over 30,000 miles, more than the rest of the world combined. Much of the new construction during the 1850s occurred west of the Appalachian Mountains - over 2,000 miles in the states of Ohio and Illinois alone.

  The effect of the new railroad lines rippled outward through the economy. Farmers along the tracks began to specialize in corps that they could market in distant locations. With their profits they purchased manufactured goods that earlier they might have made at home. Before the railroad reached Tennessee, the state produced about 25,000 bushels (or 640 tons) of wheat, which sold for less than 50 cents a bushel. Once the railroad came, farmers in the same counties grew 400,000 bushels (over 10,000 tons) and sold their crop at a dollar a bushel.

  The new railroad networks shifted the direction of western trade.In 1840 most northwestern grain was shipped south down the Mississippi River to the bustling port of New Orleans.But low water made steamboat travel hazardous in summer, and ice shut down traffic in winter.Products such as lard, tallow, and cheese quickly spoiled if stored in New Orleans’ hot and humid warehouses. Increasingly, traffic from the Midwest flowed west to east, over the new rail lines. Chicago became the region’ s hub, linking the farms of the upper Midwest to New York and other eastern cities by more than 2,000 miles of track in 1855. Thus while the value of goods shipped by river to New Orleans continued to increase, the South’ s overall share of western trade dropped dramatically.

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