托福写作语料库：海洋塑料垃圾

　　要想更好提高托福写作分数，同学们在平时也要多积累各种话题素材，今天新东方在线托福网为大家带来的是：海洋塑料垃圾，具体的内容有哪些?让我们一起来看看详细的内容吧!

　　Ocean plastic could triple in decade

　　The amount of plastic in the ocean(海洋中塑料) is set to(将) triple(翻三倍) in a decade unless litter(垃圾) is curbed(得到扼制), a major report has warned.

　　Plastics(塑料) is just one issue facing the world's seas, along with rising sea levels(海平面上升), warming oceans(海洋变暖), and pollution, it says.

　　But the Foresight Future of the Sea Report for the UK government said there are also opportunities to cash in(盈利) on the "ocean economy"(海洋经济).

　　They say this is predicted to(预计) double to(翻一番至) $3 trillion (£2 trillion) by 2030.

　　The report says much more knowledge is needed about the ocean. The authors say the world needs a Mission to "Planet Ocean" to mirror the excitement of voyaging to(前往) the moon and Mars.

　　The Foresight reports are written by experts to brief(向…介绍基本情况) ministers on medium and long-term(中长期的) issues of significance. This one has been signed off(终止) by ministers from four different departments as the authors emphasise(强调) the need for a joined-up(表现出成熟老练的) oceans policy(海洋政策).

　　One of the authors, Prof Edward Hill from the UK National Oceanography Centre told BBC News: "The ocean is critical(重要的) to our economic future. Nine billion people will be looking to the ocean for more food. Yet we know so little of what's down there.

　　"We invest a lot of money and enthusiasm for(对......投入了巨大的金钱与热情) missions to space - but there's nothing living out there. The sea bed(海床) is teeming with(充满了) life. We really need a mission to planet ocean - it's the last frontier."

　　Another of the authors, the chief scientist for the UK government's environment department Ian Boyd, agreed: "The ocean is out of sight, out of mind(眼不见心不烦)," he said.

　　He told BBC News: "There's a continuous process of exploring for new things to exploit(开发) in the oceans, and that's happening faster than we scientists can keep up with(跟上节奏). My suspicion is legislation(立法) is also struggling to keep up - and obviously there are risks in that."

　　He said offshore(近海的) wind farms(风力发电厂), oil industries(石油加工厂) and mining firms(采矿公司) were spreading into unexplored areas(未开发的地方). "Scientists need to get in there faster than the commercial people or at least at the same time - to put proper regulation in place to govern(管理) those industries."

　　The report highlights(凸显了) many concerns(担忧), including the current worry about ocean plastic litter(海洋塑料垃圾), which it forecasts(预测) will treble(翻三倍) between 2015 and 2025.

　　But it stresses(强调) that the ocean is being assailed(攻击) from many different types of pollution - including run-off pesticides and fertilisers from farms(农场流出的农药与化肥), industrial toxins(工业有害物) like PCBs, and pharmaceuticals(医药品).

　　The authors say if governments can identify ways of protecting biodiversity(生物多样性) in the seas, there are riches to be harvested - including nodules of metals and possibly even cures for cancer(癌症的治疗办法).

　　They predict that the biggest industrial growth in the seas will come from offshore wind(近海风力发电产业), followed by marine aquaculture and fish processing(海洋水产及鱼类加工). The report also projects(展望) an increase in industrial capture of wild fish(对野生鱼类的工业捕捞).

　　This latter suggestion alarmed(警醒了) Rachel Jones, a marine expert(海洋专家) from London Zoo, ZSL. She told BBC News: "Given that(考虑到/鉴于) 90% of global fisheries(渔场) are either at or in excess of sustainable(可持续的) catch levels, I can't really see how they are going to expand capture fisheries."