托福独立写作题型解析

　　托福独立写作也是托福写作的重要一部分，具体的如何能够更好地来完成这部分的写作考试呢?新东方在线托福网为大家整理了老师对这部分的解析，从命题形式到命题规律，让大家更好好的备考托福独立写作。

　　来源：新东方李斌

　　独立写作

　　与综合写作不同，独立写作要求考生就某个观点提出自己的看法，并进行充分的论证。下面笔者来具体分析这一题型。

　　命题形式

　　独立写作的命题形式一般为“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement …”(你是否同意下面的论断……)，要求考生对题目给出的论断表明自己的观点，然后写出具体的理由和细节来支持自己的观点，写作的字数是300词以上，考试时间为30分钟。题目给出的论断主要涉及以下十大类的话题。

　　①成功类话题：In order to achieve success, we must be more like others than be different from others.

　　②工作类话题：People should take a secure job immediately when finding one instead of waiting for the job that they find more satisfying.

　　③金钱类话题：Most businesspeople are motivated by the desire for money.

　　④科技类话题：Telephone has had greater effects on people’s lives than TV.

　　⑤教育类话题：To improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on professors’ salaries.

　　⑥朋友类话题：Getting advice from friends who are older than you is better than getting advice from friends who are of the same age as yours.

　　⑦环境类话题：Most of the environmental issues are too complicated today. Individuals cannot do anything about them.

　　⑧政府类话题：The most important thing that the government can do in improving health care is to clean the environment.

　　⑨媒体类话题：Advertising is a waste of time and money because customers already know what they want.

　　⑩动物类话题：More and more people are spending money on their pets, even though there can be other good ways to spend money.

　　命题规律

　　既然托福独立写作题目允许考生选择“同意”或是“不同意”，也就意味着写作题目通常具有“争议性”这一基本特征，考生可以选择自己的观点，然后对自己的观点进行论证。此外，有些独立写作题目有很显著的特征，笔者总结了以下三类，并为这三类考题提供一点写作小技巧。

　　第一，某些独立写作题目会含有“should/should not”这一关键词，对于这一类题目，考生既可以选择“同意”，也可以选择“不同意”。2010年8月14日的题目就是如此：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should not take part-time jobs when they study in university.”对于此类题目，考生写作时可以以句式“Whether … or has been a controversial issue”开头。例如，针对上面这道题目，考生可以在开头写道：“Whether students should take part-time jobs or not has been a controversial issue when they study in university.”

　　第二，有些独立写作题目含有“all”“most”“best”这类表示绝对语气的词，对于这些含有绝对语气词的题目，笔者建议考生还是选择“不同意”为好。理由很简单，这些题目从逻辑上讲无一例外都夸大了某一个要素的重要性，否认了其他要素的影响，看问题只见树木不见森林。例如，2010年5月8日的独立写作题目为：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way for parents to teach children responsibility is to have them care for animals.”对于此类题目，考生可以在开头段或结尾部分以这样的句式亮明自己的观点：“This argument exaggerates the importance of A and deny the significance of other factors such as B, C, and D which can also contribute to sth./sb.”

　　第三，还有一类题目则是将事物A和事物B作比较，含有“… better/more … than …”等词。例如，2010年6月13日的题目：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s better to spend money on pleasant things such as vacations than to save money for the future.”对于这一类题目，笔者通常建议考生以这样的方式开头：“Although A/B has some benefits for …, I still hold a firm belief that B/A will exert more significant influence on …”

　　常出现的问题及其解决方法

　　托福独立写作与综合写作最大的区别就在于，独立写作需要考生自己解决写什么的问题。很多考生看到独立写作题目的时候，脑袋会一片空白，没有写作思路，不知道该写什么。解决这个问题最好的办法就是把历年独立写作真题的题目进行分类，总结出各类话题通用的论据。

　　例如，我们来看以下三个题目：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are now easier to become educated than in the past.”“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays it’s easier to maintain health than the past.”“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is easier for parents to raise their children than 50 years ago.”在这三个题目当中，考生如果同意题目中的观点，我们一方面可以采用“意识的提高”作为通用论据，具体到题目中分别是教育意识的提高、健康意识的提高和家长参与意识的提高;另一方面，考生也可以将“经济的发展和收入的增加”作为这类题目的通用论据。虽然托福独立写作题目众多，但其命题内容无外乎教育、朋友、金钱、工作、成功等几个与大学生相关的重要话题。考生在备考过程中只要善于总结，勤于思考，找出话题之间的内在联系，然后再总结各类话题的写作思路，便能解决“写什么”的问题。

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