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新托福阅读背景知识：Recent developments

2018-08-16 12:16:36来源：网络

　　托福阅读复习中，除了大量的真题练习之外，大家可以多了解一些相关的背景知识，这样能够帮助我们更好地来阅读文章内容。那么总结往年的托福阅读考试，具体的哪些背景知识属于高频内容，是大家复习的重点呢?新东方在线托福网为大家整理了相关的内容，供大家参考。

【点击查看新托福阅读背景知识汇总】

　　Recent developments

　　During the 1980's, a number of young jazz musicians returned to mainstream jazz. Mainstream jazz includes elements of the swing, cool, and bebop styles. The most widely acclaimed young musician of the 1980's was trumpeter Winton Marsalis, a performer of both jazz and classical music. Marsalis plays with brilliant technique and tone. He and his brother, saxophonist Branford Marsalis, have led excellent hard bop combos.

　　Many young musicians continued to forge ahead with fusion groups. Two of the most respected fusion artists are the brother’s trumpeter Randy Becker and saxophonist Michael Becker. Jane Ira Bloom also displays a mastery of the soprano saxophone and the synthesizer.

　　In the 1990's, jazz was dominated by a blend of older values and more modern styles. Many musicians favored acoustical over electronic instruments, formal structure over total freedom, and a sense of history over harsh modernity. Music of older artists continued to gain respect and followers. For example, bands devoted to the music of Count Basie and Charles Minus became popular. Veteran musicians, such as trombonist J. J. Johnson and saxophonists Joe Henderson and Sonny Rollins, found new audiences among younger listeners.

　　The young musicians who energized jazz in the 1980's had become establishment figures by the end of the 1990's. They included trumpeters Roy Hargrove and Winton Marsalis, guitarist Pat Methane, trombonists Steve Turret and Ray Anderson, and pianist Chick Chorea. A younger group of musicians also gained popularity, focusing on "straight-ahead jazz" that reflected earlier mainstream styles. They included saxophonists Joshua Redman and Donald Harrison, bassist Christian McBride, trumpeter Terence Blanchard, and pianist Marcus Roberts. At the same time, the free jazz style of the 1960's continued strong throughout the 1990's in the playing of saxophonists Steve Lacy and Roscoe Mitchell, pianist John Zorn, and their young followers.

　　Today, jazz continues to feature a variety of styles. Many musicians play in historic styles, such as swing and bebop. Others seek a more experimental approach. For example, the Art Ensemble of Chicago blends free jazz, African costumes and makeup, exotic instruments, and surprise techniques into theatrical musical events. Ornate Coleman's group, called Prime Time, mixes free and fusion jazz in new and interesting ways.

　　Electronics technology is gaining a greater role in jazz music. Such young jazz composers as Michael Daugherty are demonstrating that live musicians can interact creatively with computer-generated sound. Some artists have attempted new fusion sounds that blended jazz with such forms as rap music.

　　以上就是为大家整理的“新托福阅读背景知识：Recent developments”，更多精彩内容请关注新东方在线托福频道!


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