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托福写作反问句使用技巧

2018-08-21 15:06:55来源:网络

  托福写作想要拿到高分,必须有精彩的地方,哪怕是一个小小的反问句,也能够为我们的作文增添不少的色彩,今天我们就通过一些实例,来为大家具体的讲解一下反问句的使用。详细内容如下:

  The writer's language is fluent, accurate, and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of ideas. There is a variety of sentence structures, including rhetorical questions.

  评卷人把rhetorical questions看做加分点!

  从上面的点评中,我们可以清楚的得出这个结论——至少评卷人把上述段落中的反问句视作一种“句型变化”而加以肯定和褒扬。

  那么,何谓rhetorical question?Rhetorical question会不会很难?

  我们先来看在托福Official Guide里备受评卷人赞誉的rhetorical question实例。在原文第四段中,为了说明honesty的重要性作者是这样写的:

  In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I'm dealing with is honest.Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn't like,s/he'd better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that'd be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again?How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there.……

  提问而不需对方回答,提问只是为了表明并强调作者的立场。这不就是汉语中的“反问”吗?维基百科对反问句的定义是:

  A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question thatis asked to make a point rather than to elicit an answer. Though a rhetorical question does not require a direct answer, in many cases it may beintended to start a discussion or at least draw an acknowledgement that thelistener understands the intended message.

  还有学者对反问的定义更加清楚:

  A rhetorical question is asked just for effect or to lay emphasison some point discussed when no real answer is expected.

  那么,rhetorical question为什么能够收到评卷人的赞誉而得到加分?这就要从托福作文的评分标准说起了。托福Official Guide里面对于高分作文的要求(Scoring Rubic)描述如下:

  *Effectively addresses the topicand task

  *Is well organized and well developed, appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and / or details

  *Display Unity, progression, and coherence

  *Display consistent use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity

  从上面的评分标准可以清楚看出,rhetorical question能够帮助我们满足实现评分标准第四条中的“demonstrating syntactic variety”。这也正是官方指南中评卷人的点评。

  其实,除了体现“句型变化”,合理使用rhetorical question还能帮助我们满足评分标准第一条的要求“effectively addresses the topic and task”。事实上,rhetorical question不仅能够有效的回应主题,还能强调作者的观点从而获得读者的认同。rhetorical question的这种强调作用最著名的范例可能算是雪莱《西风颂》Ode to the West Wind的结尾了:

  “O Wind,If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?”

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