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托福写作反问句使用技巧

2018-08-21 15:06:55来源：网络

　　托福写作想要拿到高分，必须有精彩的地方，哪怕是一个小小的反问句，也能够为我们的作文增添不少的色彩，今天我们就通过一些实例，来为大家具体的讲解一下反问句的使用。详细内容如下：

　　The writer's language is fluent, accurate, and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of ideas. There is a variety of sentence structures, including rhetorical questions.

　　评卷人把rhetorical questions看做加分点!

　　从上面的点评中，我们可以清楚的得出这个结论——至少评卷人把上述段落中的反问句视作一种“句型变化”而加以肯定和褒扬。

　　那么，何谓rhetorical question?Rhetorical question会不会很难?

　　我们先来看在托福Official Guide里备受评卷人赞誉的rhetorical question实例。在原文第四段中，为了说明honesty的重要性作者是这样写的：

　　In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I'm dealing with is honest.Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn't like,s/he'd better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that'd be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again?How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there.……

　　提问而不需对方回答，提问只是为了表明并强调作者的立场。这不就是汉语中的“反问”吗?维基百科对反问句的定义是：

　　A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question thatis asked to make a point rather than to elicit an answer. Though a rhetorical question does not require a direct answer, in many cases it may beintended to start a discussion or at least draw an acknowledgement that thelistener understands the intended message.

　　还有学者对反问的定义更加清楚：

　　A rhetorical question is asked just for effect or to lay emphasison some point discussed when no real answer is expected.

　　那么，rhetorical question为什么能够收到评卷人的赞誉而得到加分?这就要从托福作文的评分标准说起了。托福Official Guide里面对于高分作文的要求(Scoring Rubic)描述如下：

　　*Effectively addresses the topicand task

　　*Is well organized and well developed, appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and / or details

　　*Display Unity, progression, and coherence

　　*Display consistent use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity

　　从上面的评分标准可以清楚看出，rhetorical question能够帮助我们满足实现评分标准第四条中的“demonstrating syntactic variety”。这也正是官方指南中评卷人的点评。

　　其实，除了体现“句型变化”，合理使用rhetorical question还能帮助我们满足评分标准第一条的要求“effectively addresses the topic and task”。事实上，rhetorical question不仅能够有效的回应主题，还能强调作者的观点从而获得读者的认同。rhetorical question的这种强调作用最著名的范例可能算是雪莱《西风颂》Ode to the West Wind的结尾了：

　　“O Wind,If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?”

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