托福阅读六选三题型解析

　　托福阅读，作为四项中的拉分科目，对于大多数考生有着 " 用时短，见效快 " 的作用。就目前已经达分的同学成绩综合分析看来：90+的阅读分数普遍在25分以上，100+的则大多数已经超过了27分。由此，解决托福阅读题目中，" 老大难 " 题目——总结题(又称 " 六选三 " )是每一位考生的跨不过去的坎。

　　来源： 蔺欣 新东方北美留学

　　题型理解

　　不是细节题。如非必要，不要以细节题的角度去分析每个选项(如具体动词/程度是否和原文一致)，否则费力不讨好。

　　可以这么理解最后一题的6个选项：ETS工作人员出题出到最后，屁股坐不住了，凭借着印象在没有对应原文的基础上大致例举出的6个句子。(PS：TPO及真题中多次出现正确选项有程度较小的错误)

　　排除。单从数字上来考虑，6选3需要排除的选项个数和4选1一致，所以从该视角去看待最后一题心里不至于发怵。

　　不要轻易回原文看。崇尚完美主义的同学，往往会读完每一个选项都要回到文章中找到对应的段落进行反复的对比。但是，一个句子和一个段落是没有可比性的。百分之八十的同学们在这个地方石乐志。

　　解题步骤

　　对于全篇文章唯一分值为2的题目，我们应该给予足够的尊重，无论什么情况下都要剩余 " 60-120 " 的时间应对该题。

　　段落大意的总结。每一段(大多数首/尾段去掉，本文不详述)讲的内容大致方向，能够用2-3个单词或者汉字概括。

　　长难句分析。对于六个选项，每句话筛出主干。

　　排除。主干如果覆盖第二步概括的内容，留下;反之则果断排除。

　　Pair选项二选一。当剩下的选项中有2个选项都在描述一个段落/层次的内容的话，必要的回到该段落判断并排除其中一个选项。

　　例题(TPO11-2)

　　P1.

　　Intro/Back(略)

　　P2/3

　　Kramer initiated important new kinds of research regarding how animals orient and navigate. Orientation issimply facing in the right direction; navigation involves finding ones way from point A to point B.

　　Early in his research, Kramer found that caged migratory birds became very restless at about the time they would normally have begun migration in the wild. Furthermore, he noticed that as they fluttered aroundin the cage, they often launched themselves in the direction of their normal migratory route. He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was, in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast,at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements. Kramer surmised, therefore, that they were orienting according to the position of the Sun. To test this idea, he blocked their view of the Sun and used mirrors to change its apparent position. He found that under these circumstances, the birds oriented with respect to the new " Sun." They seemed to be using the Sun as acompass to determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed preposterous.How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.

　　段意总结：某人做了某实验，实验步骤略，实验结果：鸟参考太阳(TheSun)飞

　　P4

　　So, in another set of experiments, Kramer put identical food boxes around the cage, with food in only one of the boxes. The boxes were stationary, and the one containing food was always at the same point of the compass. However, its position with respect to the surroundings could be changed by revolving either the inner cage containing the birds or the outer walls, which served as the background. As long as the birds could see the Sun, no matter how their surroundings were altered, they went directly to the correct food box. Whether the box appeared in front of the right wall or the left wall, they showed no signs of confusion. On overcast days,however, the birds were disoriented and had trouble locating their food box.

　　段意总结：某人做了另一个实验，证明前文观点，故本段没有核心内容。

　　P5

　　In experimenting with artificial suns, Kramer made another interesting discovery. If the artificial Sun remained stationary,the birds would shift their direction with respect to it at a rate of about 15 degrees per hour, the Sun's rate of movement across the sky. Apparently, the birds were assuming that the "Sun" they saw was moving at that rate. When the real Sun was visible, however, the birds maintained a constant direction as it moved across the sky. In other words, they were able to compensate for the Sun's movement. This meant that some sort of biological clock was operating-and a very precise clock at that.

　　段意总结：某人做了另一个实验，证明鸟存在生物钟(BiologicalClock)帮助飞行

　　P6

　　What about birds that migrate atnight? Perhaps they navigate by the night sky. To test the idea, caged night-migrating birds were placed on the floor of a planetarium during their migratory period. A planetarium isessentially a theater with a domelike ceiling onto which a night sky can be projected for any night of the year. When the planetarium sky matched the sky outside,the birds fluttered in the direction of their normal migration. But when the dome was rotated, the birds changed their direction to match the artificial sky. The results clearly indicated that the birds were orienting according to the stars.

　　段意总结：某人做了另一个实验，证明鸟在晚上(Night)靠看星星(Star)帮助飞行

　　题目

　　○Because caged birds become disoriented when the skyis overcast, Kramer hypothesized that birds orient themselves according to the Sun's position.

　　主干提到太阳(the Sun)，保留

　　○ In one set of experiments, Kramer placed the box containing food at the same point of the compass each time he put food boxes inthe birds’ environment.

　　主干未提及前文总结内容，排除

　　○ Kramer demonstrated that an internal biological clock allows starlings to compensate for the Sun's movement.

　　主干提到生物钟(biological clock)，保留

　　○After several studies, Kramer surmised that an internal biological clock allows some species of birds to navigate at night.

　　主干提到生物钟(biological clock)使得鸟在晚上(night)飞，虽然两个段意都提及，但两段间并无因果关系，排除。

　　○ The role of environmental cues in birds' navigation is clear, for on overcast days, birds use objects besides the Sun to orient themselves.

　　主干未提及前文总结内容，排除

　　○Kramer showed that night-migrating birds use the sky to navigate by the stars.

　　主干提到星星(star)使得鸟在晚上(night)飞，保留

　　以上就是为大家整理的“托福阅读六选三题型解析”，更多精彩内容请关注新东方在线托福频道!