托福阅读中的“伪雷点”例题分析（一）

　　接触过托福阅读的同学一定对于常见的“雷点”是比较熟悉的，它们可以帮助我们快速排除错误选项，提高正确率，甚至在时间紧迫的时候提高我们“猜对”的几率。在所有的阅读题型中，“雷点”对于句子简化题是最为有用的技巧，因为选项中出现明显雷点的概率非常高。从“内容错误”的角度，常见的雷点有以下5个：

来源：成都新东方 易经纬

　　1. 范围↑或↓

　　2. 极端词e.g. only;最高级

　　3. 比较级，more…than… ; as…as

　　4. 时间顺序e.g.(先后颠倒or无中生有)

　　5. 程度/频率(与原文不符)

　　前三种尤为常见，BUT!刚开始了解到雷点之后，不少同学因为过于激动(or just naive ‍️ )，而陷入了一个对立面的误区–有雷点的选项(bu)肯(yi)定是错的! As a consequence, 这些宝宝们时而绕过了雷坑，却掉进了“粪坑”。那么今天就通过几道真题，带大家来分析如何在排雷的同时也识别他们中的“奸细”——伪雷点。

　　例题1–TPO6-1

　　There were three sources of power: animal or human muscles; the wind, operating on sail or windmill; and running water. Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.(阴影部分为高亮原句)

　　A. Running water was the best power source for factories since it could keep machines operating continuously but since it was abundant only in Lancashire and Scotland, most mills and factories that were located elsewhere could not be water driven.

　　B. The disadvantage of using waterpower is that streams do not necessarily flow in places that are the most suitable for factories which explains why so many water—powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable places.

　　C. Since machines could be operated continuously onlywhere running water was abundant, grain and textile mills as well as other factories tended to be located only in Lancashire and Scotland.

　　D. Running water was the onlysource of power that was suitable for the continuous operation of machines, but to make use of it factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise.

　　Obviously，这道题中选项的only绝对就是伪雷点了，因为原文句子本来就有only，我们需要check的是，only修饰的对象是否和原文一致。经比对，不难发现只有D选项only的修饰对象是正确的。

　　windmill: 风车

　　textile mill：纺织厂

　　例题2–TPO44–1

　　One of the most significant evolutionary events that occurred on Earth was the transition of water-dwelling fish to terrestrial tetrapods (four-limbed organisms with backbones). Fish probably originated in the oceans, and our first records of them are in marine rocks. However, by the Devonian Period (408 million to 362 million years ago), they had radiated into almost all available aquatic habitats, including freshwater settings. One of the groups whose fossils are especially common in rocks deposited in fresh water is the lobe-finned fish.

　　Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about fish evolution?

　　A.Lobe-finned fish were among the earliest types of fish to appear.

　　B. Fish began living in freshwater habitats only after originating elsewhere.

　　C.Lobe-finned fish radiated into almost all available aquatic habitats.

　　D.During the Devonian, lobe-finned fish were more common in marine than in freshwater habitats.

　　这一篇是生物类，是托福阅读话题三巨头之一(生物，历史，地质 )，这里也提醒同学一定注意相关专题词汇的积累。那么对照文章看选项，我们会发现每一个选项都有我们“喜欢”的雷点，这意味着肯定有一个是伪雷点了。因此，all we can say is 雷点起到️高能预警的作用，但绝不能作为直接排除某个选项的原因。A的earliest，作为最高级(踩雷)很可疑，于是我们回文check，发现最后一句只说了 Lobe-finned fish是淡水中保留化石最常见的鱼类，未提及earliest，排除A;B的only踩雷，原文：Fish probably originated in the oceans…by the Devonian Period, they had radiated(辐射;向外发散)into almost all available aquatic habitats, including freshwater settings.故我们发现的确是先起源于海洋，而后发散到淡水区的，没有大问题。C的all踩雷，乍一看跟they had radiated into almost all available aquatic habitats是一致的，可是!“they”, refers to what?是前一句的fish(pl. fish or fishes)，偷换概念，答非所问，排除。最后，D的more common，比较级，无中生有。故, B 正确。

Tetrapod: 四肢动物

　　Devonian：泥盆纪

　　以上是就是今天和大家分享的两个伪雷点例题，更多的例题下次我们继续聊!