避免托福独立写作常犯10种语法错误有妙招

　　考生常犯的十种语法错误

　　1、主谓不一致

　　中文不存在主谓一致的问题，因此很多考生在写英文句子时意识不到这一点。在英语中，主谓一致的问题在一般现在时中出现较多，特别是在第三人称单数的谓语动词上容易出现。当主语和谓语之间插入成分较多、主语离谓语较远时，这类错误更容易出现。另外在定语从句中，由于从句的谓语动词和先行词被连词隔开，考生也容易忽略从句的主谓一致问题。此外，there be句型中be动词的单复数要根据be动词后面的名词单复数而定。来看下面的几个例句。

　　例1：Those examination questions is very familiar to me.

　　评析：主语是复数名词，谓语应该用are，不应该用is。

　　更正：Those examination questions are every familiar to me.

　　例2：A school who has famous professors are more worthy for students to choose.

　　评析：主句的主语和谓语之间有定语从句，相隔较远，因此考生容易犯主谓不一致的错误。主句的谓语还是应当根据主句的主语a school来决定。

　　更正：A school who has famous professors is more worthy for students to choose.

　　例3：Doing housework has some advantages that is good for children’s future.

　　评析：That引导的定语从句的谓语应当根据先行词advantages而决定，先行词是复数名词，因此that引导的定语从句谓语应当用are。

　　更正：Doing housework has some advantages that are good for children’s future.

　　例4：There is so many people competing for a position.

　　评析：There be句型的谓语应当根据be动词后面的名词决定。名词people是复数，因此be动词应该用are。

　　更正：There are so many people competing for a position.

　　2、一个简单句中出现两个谓语动词

　　很多考生在写作时只是根据中文的思维和感觉写，对于英文中一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词的规则不够敏感，容易在一个简单句中出现两个或两个以上谓语动词，这是明显违反语法的。在there be句型中特别容易出现两个谓语动词的错误。考生应当记住：一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词，当出现两个谓语动词的时候，要将其中一个转化成恰当的非谓语形式或者转化成从句的谓语。请看下面的例子。

　　例5：There are so many people compete for a position.

　　评析：There be句型中的be动词本身就是这个句子的谓语动词，后面不能再出现谓语动词。这时，可以将后面的动词转化为非谓语动词的形式，或者转化成从句的谓语动词。

　　更正1：There are so many people competing for a position.

　　更正2：There are so many people who compete for a position.

　　例6：I, nonetheless, believe that my job and my social life are both play an essential role in my daily happiness.

　　评析：在这个句子中，are和play是两个谓语动词，不能一起用。系动词is/am/are可以和现在分词一起用于表进行，可以和过去分词一起用于表被动，也可以和不定式一起用于表将来，但是不能和动词原形一起用。

　　更正1：I, nonetheless, believe that my job and my social life are both playing an essential role in my daily happiness.

　　更正2：I, nonetheless, believe that my job and my social life both play an essential role in my daily happiness.

　　3、动词原形作主语

　　动词原形不能作主语。祈使句会用动词原形开头，但句子只是省略了主语，而不是没有主语，而且托福写作也极少用到祈使句。可以作主语的成分包括名词、代词、动名词、不定式、主语从句和形式主语it。

　　例7：I insist that join a sports team is the best way for us to make new friends.

　　评析：句中的动词原形join不能作宾语从句的主语，可以转化成动名词再作主语。

　　更正：I insist that joining a sports team is the best way for us to make new friends.

　　4、句子残缺

　　句子必须有谓语动词才称得上完整。考生在托福写作中有时会出现句子没有谓语动词的情况，或是从句缺主语，这都属于残缺句子。

　　例8：That’s why I against that people find a job just for money.

　　评析：Against是介词，不能作谓语，可以在前面加系动词am。

　　更正：That’s why I am against that people find a job just for money.

　　例9：I enjoy it very much when chat and play with my friends.

　　评析：该句中when引导的从句缺乏主语，句子残缺，需要补充主语I。

　　更正：I enjoy it very much when I chat and play with my friends.

　　5、情态动词后面没有跟动词原形

　　情态动词后面必须跟动词原形，不能跟动词的其他形式。

　　例10：We must limiting the time that children spend in watching TV.

　　评析：句中must是情态动词，后面必须跟动词原形，不能跟现在分词。

　　更正：We must limit the time that children spend in watching TV.

　　例11：Admittedly, the good food may contributes to an enjoyable vacation.

　　评析：句中may是情态动词，后面必须跟动词原形，不能跟第三人称单数形式。

　　更正：Admittedly, the good food may contribute to an enjoyable vacation.