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托福写作是怎样出题的?

2016-02-19 12:33:48来源:网络

  托福独立写作是怎样出题的?

  与综合写作不同,独立写作要求考生就某个观点提出自己的看法,并进行充分的论证。下面笔者来具体分析这一题型。

  【命题形式】

  独立写作的命题形式一般为“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement …”(你是否同意下面的论断……),要求考生对题目给出的论断表明自己的观点,然后写出具体的理由和细节来支持自己的观点,写作的字数是300词以上,考试时间为30分钟。题目给出的论断主要涉及以下十大类的话题。

  ·成功类话题:In order to achieve success, we must be more like others than be different from others.

  ·工作类话题:People should take a secure job immediately when finding one instead of waiting for the job that they find more satisfying.

  ·金钱类话题:Most businesspeople are motivated by the desire for money.

  ·科技类话题:Telephone has had greater effects on people’s lives than TV.

  ·教育类话题:To improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on professors’ salaries.

  ·朋友类话题:Getting advice from friends who are older than you is better than getting advice from friends who are of the same age as yours.

  ·环境类话题:Most of the environmental issues are too complicated today. Individuals cannot do anything about them.

  ·政府类话题:The most important thing that the government can do in improving health care is to clean the environment.

  ·媒体类话题:Advertising is a waste of time and money because customers already know what they want.

  ·动物类话题:More and more people are spending money on their pets, even though there can be other good ways to spend money.

  【命题规律】

  既然托福独立写作题目允许考生选择“同意”或是“不同意”,也就意味着写作题目通常具有“争议性”这一基本特征,考生可以选择自己的观点,然后对自己的观点进行论证。此外,有些独立写作题目有很显著的特征,总结大致有以下三类,并为这三类考题提供一点写作小技巧。

  第一,某些独立写作题目会含有“should/should not”这一关键词,对于这一类题目,考生既可以选择“同意”,也可以选择“不同意”。2010年8月14日的题目就是如此:“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should not take part-time jobs when they study in university.”对于此类题目,写作时可以以句式“Whether … or has been a controversial issue”开头。例如,针对上面这道题目,考生可以在开头写道:“Whether students should take part-time jobs or not has been a controversial issue when they study in university.”

  第二,有些独立写作题目含有“all”“most”“best”这类表示绝对语气的词,对于这些含有绝对语气词的题目,建议考生还是选择“不同意”为好。理由很简单,这些题目从逻辑上讲无一例外都夸大了某一个要素的重要性,否认了其他要素的影响,看问题只见树木不见森林。例如,2010年5月8日的独立写作题目为:“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way for parents to teach children responsibility is to have them care for animals.”对于此类题目,可以在开头段或结尾部分以这样的句式亮明自己的观点:“This argument exaggerates the importance of A and deny the significance of other factors such as B, C, and D which can also contribute to sth./sb.”

  第三,还有一类题目则是将事物A和事物B作比较,含有“… better/more … than …”等词。例如,2010年6月13日的题目:“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s better to spend money on pleasant things such as vacations than to save money for the future.”对于这一类题目,建议考生以这样的方式开头:“Although A/B has some benefits for …, I still hold a firm belief that B/A will exert more significant influence on …”

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