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托福词汇:关于托福阅读词汇的备考策略

2016-08-10 18:25:19来源:网络

  2. 利用举例关系猜测词义

  举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释,因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

  例题分析

  Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

  10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  ○ mistrust

  ○ misinterpret

  ○ criticize

  ○ resent

  >>>>

  解析

  后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己,而事实并非如此”,可以看出是误解了别人的想法,那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”,由此可以推测出distort为“误解,曲解”类似的含义,则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

  3. 利用转折/对比关系猜测词义

  一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时,则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

  例题分析

  Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

  10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

  ○ rapid

  ○ determined

  ○ flexible

  ○ demanding

  >>>>

  解析

  本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词,但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系,其中larger与smaller互为反义词,则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词,则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词,choosier为“挑剔的”意思,所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的),fastidious本身意为“挑剔的,吹毛求疵的”含义。

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