托福阅读题型之句子插入题全方位解密

　　2. 词指代替换

　　带有代词题型也比较简单明了，为了避免重复，我们通常会在第二个句子使用代词代替前面(或者后面)提到过的事物(一个词)或者事件(一句话)。所以同学们只要正确找到代词所指就能做对此题。形式一般是this + 名词，或者this单独用于指代前面一句话。

　　Since 1980, the use of wind to produce electricity has been growing rapidly. █In 1994 there were nearly 20,000 wind turbines worldwide, most grouped in clusters called wind farms that collectively produced 3,000 megawatts of electricity. █Most were in Denmark (which got 3 percent of its electricity from wind turbines) and California (where 17,000 machines produced 1 percent of the state’s electricity, enough to meet the residential needs of a city as large as San Francisco). █In principle, all the power needs of the United States could be provided by exploiting the wind potential of just three states—North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas. █

　　Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

　　Some companies in the power industry are aware of this wider possibility and are planning sizable wind-farm projects in states other than California.

　　代词this wider possibility这种更加广泛的可能性指代上一句话中的情态动词could be,情态动词could be在这里表示可能性，所以答案选最后一个选项。

　　Under very cold conditions, rocks can be shattered by ice and frost. Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys, carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris. █In dry areas the wind is the principal agent of erosion. █It carries fine particles of sand, which bombard exposed rock surfaces, thereby wearing them into yet more sand. █Even living things contribute to the formation of landscapes. █Tree roots force their way into cracks in rocks and, in so doing, speed their splitting. In contrast, the roots of grasses and other small plants may help to hold loose soil fragments together, thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind.

　　Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

　　Under different climatic conditions, another type of destructive force contributes to erosion.

　　another是不定代词，指代后一句提到的另外一种destructive force。通过整个段落分析，第一句话destructive force包括ice和frost, 第二句话另外一种destructive force指代的是wind, 所以选第一个黑框。

　　阅读中常出现的代词：this, this+n, these, another, such and other etc.

　　3. 词同义替换

　　此类句子衔接的方法是指所插入句子里面的词(通常是名词)与所在位置前后句子的词同义替换，这种方法要求会比较高，考生除了要理解插入句子里面词的意思，还要找到所在段落里面与它同义的词。

　　█Watt's steam engine soon showed what it could do. █It liberated industry from dependence on running water. █The engine eliminated water in the mines by driving efficient pumps, which made possible deeper and deeper mining. █The ready availability of coal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to develop the first new form of nighttime illumination to be discovered in a millennium and a half.

　　Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

　　The factories did not have to go to the streams when power could come to the factories.

　　这个句子里面的factories与前一句里的industry同义替换，这里同义替换并不是指两个词要完全对等才能同义替换。只要两个词之间在某一部分是表同义的就可以。比如说工业必然会涉及到很多工厂建立，所以我们可以说两个词是同义替换。答案选第三个黑框。

　　Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging: Certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent. █By following the fossils.Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence. █About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris. █Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere. █It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna.

　　Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

　　The findings of these geologists inspired others to examine the rock and fossil records in different parts of the world.

　　The findings意思是“发现”，与段落第二句话the same discovery表同义替换，所以这句话应该放在第三块黑框回指前文提到的发现，答案选第三块黑框。