托福写作临场三大招帮你救急

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　　试用解释性语句

　　语言的功能在于表达，而表达的方式是多种多样的。当一个词影响到可以沟通。英语当中多功能解释性语句，就可以起到这一作用。请看下面的句子： He is a dumb. = He is a person who cannot speak. He refused. = He said “no”。 I’ve never seen such a stubborn person. = I’ve never seen such a person who never listens to other‘s advice. 解释性语句能帮助我们巧妙地避开一些大词，难词，又能使意思表达流畅，不失为一聪明之举。

　　比较下面两篇文章：

　　(1)、Examination is a common headache to students all over the world. They all detest is, but all being domineered by it. It represents a trial; the grade its verdict. Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can dominate one‘s future. I am not exaggerating; for you all know it is true. If we want to obtain a diploma, we must first pass the exams. If we do not have a diploma, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may concern their future. But as long as examination is on its peak of power, we must be philosophical of it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may indulge ourselves in other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and thoroughly?

　　(2)、Examination is a common headache to students all over the world. They all dislike it (hate it)， but all being ruled by it. It is a trial; the grade its decision. Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can control one‘s future. I am telling the truth, for you all know it is true. If we want to get a graduation paper, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may have something to do with their future. But as long as examination is on its highest point of power, we must have a calm attitude to it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may spend our time on other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and deeply?

　　第一篇短小精干，用词准确，不失为一篇优秀作文。而第二篇全篇采用最普通的词汇，意思同样清楚，也不失得体，流畅。

　　作文的评分标准一般侧重于能清楚地表达意义，段落，层次有系统性，语法正确，而并不过分强调用词的精确度。因此作文应试的要领应该是快捷、清楚、流畅。所以，就考试而言，碰到难词或遗忘词时，过分地把时间花在“钻牛角尖”上是不明智的，而应该采取灵活的思维方法、迂回的战术，运用简单、易记的词汇及表达方式，从而能够运用有限的词汇作出美妙的文章，轻松自如地驾驭语言，把握时机，以聪明克服缺陷，以机智灵巧克服学究式的笨拙，以少胜多，最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。

　　♕

　　仿写也是有效的练习

　　英语写作有什么练习诀窍?练习英语写作并不完全是“熟能生巧”，而是要从每一篇练习中体会整篇布局和英语写作的思维，在做这种有效练习的时候，找一篇好的范文来模仿才事半功倍。(笔者力推)

　　关于写作，很多同学都问过这个问题：如果我坚持用英语写日记，对提高英语写作有帮助吗?帮助是有的，不过不像一些人想象的那么大。因为如果我们每次写作都在同一语言水平写，而不注意随时的积累，提高速度就会比较缓慢。不过，还有种人走另一个极端，就是觉得自己写的不好，所以就从不动手写文章。总是自己闷着头写和总是仰着头不写，这两种方式都不可取。最好的办法就是边学边写。

　　这里推荐大家采用一种行之有效的练习方法，就是模仿写作。模仿写作类似于、但不同于汉译英。模仿写作要求文章本身是原汁原味的英语文章，同时有比较地道的汉语翻译。 在训练的时候，先不要看英语原文，而是看着翻译过来的汉语，先把它翻回英文。之后再和英语原文对照。有比较就有鉴别。通过这种比较，我们就能够感觉出，同样一个意思，人家用那个词，那样的句型表达，为什么比自己写的好。这比单纯的背诵人家写好的英语范文，或者自己埋头苦写，不去积累，效果要好很多。

　　这个方法很简单，但对于提高写作水平非常有效。 写作中重要的构成因素，除了语言以外，谋篇布局的逻辑其实是很重要的。也就是我们经常说的“思维”。如果我们按照中国人的语言和文化习惯去写，写出来的文章西方人有时候是看不明白的。虽然写作没有固定格式，以有效表意为核心要素。但不管一开始练习写作时我们的文章布局有多刻板，以后的行文有多自如，有一个原则是我们从始至终都应该把握的，就是自己说的观点，自己要提出论据来证明。 我们给这种原则起了个名字，叫横竖原则。“横”是大家的观点，“竖”是证明观点的论据。论据要细节化，不要用一个观点去证明另一个观点，用一个抽象去解释另一个抽象。 这里建议大家，一开始写文章，不要抓个题目过来就开始写。一开始写的题目，最好是有范文的。这样，你写完去和范文比较，主要比较逻辑关系、论证手法、论据选择。

　　写作有没有必要背范文呢?你要有时间有精力背，我也不拦着你。熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也能吟。你要愿意多背些范文，对写作肯定有帮助。可是，如果从投入产出上比较背诵范文和模仿写作，后者帮助提高的效果应该是更快些。因为后者比前者更有针对性。你能通过写完之后的比较，更好的发现自己写作中或思维上的问题。