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托福阅读文章解析：石油的起源

2017-09-27 10:00:32来源：网络

　　第三段：提出一个公认的理论，解释石油的移动过程，并形成油池

　　Part1：目前较公认的说法是石油通过含水层移动并且困在水库中。

　　Part2：石油迁移与地下水运动相似，解释石油迁移的过程。

　　Most of the petroleum that forms in sediments does not find a suitable trap and eventually makes its way, along with groundwater, to the surface of the sea. It is estimated that no more than 0.1 percent of all the organic matter originally buried in a sediment is eventually trapped in an oil pool. It is not surprising, therefore, that the highest ratio of oil and gas pools to volume of sediment is found in rock no older than 2.5 million years—young enough so that little of the petroleum has leaked away—and that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas discovered so far has been found in strata that formed in the last 65 million years. This does not mean that older rocks produced less petroleum; it simply means that oil in older rocks has had a longer time in which to leak away.

　　第四段：石油存在的位置

　　Part1：大部分的石油没有找到合适的存水湾最终流向海洋。

　　Part2：据估计，只有0.1%的有机物困在油池中。因此，高比例的油和气补发现在较年轻的岩石中，但这也不意味着越老的岩石产出更少石油。

　　How much oil is there in the world? This is an extremely controversial question. Many billions of barrels of oil have already been pumped out of the ground. A lot of additional oil has been located by drilling but is still waiting to be pumped out. Possibly a great deal more oil remains to be found by drilling. Unlike coal, the volume of which can be accurately estimated, the volume of undiscovered oil can only beguessed at. Guesses involve the use of accumulated experience from a century of drilling. Knowing how much oil has been found in an intensively drilled area, such as eastern Texas, experts make estimates of probable volumes in other regions where rock types and structures are similar to those in eastern Texas. Using this approach and considering all the sedimentary basins of the world, experts estimate that somewhere between 1,500 and 3,000 billion barrels of oil will eventually be discovered.

　　第五段：石油的现存数量

　　Part1：世界上有多少石油存量?大量石油还有待被开采。

　　Part2：不像煤，石油的数量不易被估计，只能靠猜测。猜测涉及到一个世纪开采积累的经验的使用。

本文关键字: 托福阅读文章解析 托福阅读

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