托福TPO词汇积累：Ancient Egyptian Sculpture

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　　单词

　　Elite 精英;精华

　　原文：In order to understand ancient Egyptian art, it is vital to know as much as possible of the elite Egyptians' view of the world and the functions and contexts of the art produced for them. 为了能深入理解古埃及艺术，极为重要的一点是要尽可能多地了解其精英阶层的世界观以及当时艺术创造的功能和背景。

　　强化记忆：

　　They became north Korea 's ruling elite. 他们后来成为朝鲜的统治阶层精英。

　　We have a political elite in this country. 我们国家有一群政治精英。

　　Concept概念;理念

　　原文：Without this knowledge we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms. 若是没有这些认识，我们只能窥探到古埃及艺术的外在情境而无法理解它们创造出来的目的和所秉持的理念，也无法得知其采用的独特艺术形式的原因。

　　强化记忆：

　　The same concept applies to design. 这个概念同样适用于设计。

　　The concept is not new. 这不是一个新概念。

　　Distinctive 与众不同的

　　原文：Without this knowledge we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms. 若是没有这些认识，我们只能窥探到古埃及艺术的外在情境而无法理解它们创造出来的目的和所秉持的理念，也无法得知其采用的独特艺术形式的原因。

　　强化记忆：

　　She has a very distinctive way of walking. 她走路的样子与别人很不相同。

　　Do we have a distinctive capability there? 我们在这方面有独特的能力吗?

　　Geometric 几何学的

　　原文：And why did they not discover the geometric perspective as European artists did in the Renaissance? 又是为什么，在那些艺术作品里，完全没有体现过文艺复兴时期欧洲艺术里普遍采用的几何透视?

　　强化记忆：

　　Population can increase in a geometric ratio. 人口可以按几何级数增长。

　　The young woman was a geometric equation, the demonstration model of a landscape. 这年轻的女人简直是个几何等式，是风景画的表演模特儿

　　Perspective 观点;透视的

　　原文：And why did they not discover the geometric perspective as European artists did in the Renaissance? 又是为什么，在那些艺术作品里，完全没有体现过文艺复兴时期欧洲艺术里普遍采用的几何透视?

　　强化记忆：

　　Do you agree with this perspective? 你同意这个看法吗?

　　How do you gain perspective? 你的观点是怎样得来的?

　　Cult 祭仪;崇拜

　　原文：Statues were created not for their decorative effect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods, the king, and the dead. 当时，雕塑被创造出来不仅仅作为装饰，更重要的是应用于对神灵、国王和逝者的祭祀典礼上。

　　强化记忆：

　　That rock musician has a cult following. 那个摇滚音乐家拥有大批狂热的崇拜者。

　　The cult of sun worship is probably the most primitive one. 太阳崇拜仪式或许是最为原始的一种。

　　Dimension 维;尺寸

　　原文：The majority of three-dimensional representations, whether standing, seated, or kneeling, exhibit what is called frontality: they face straight ahead, neither twisting nor turning. 在大部分立体三维的雕像中，无论是站着，坐着抑或是跪着的，都体现着一种成为“正面描绘”的手法：它们往往直面前方，从不弯曲或翻转。

　　强化记忆：

　　Height is an external dimension. 高是外部尺寸。

　　Their perspective would not include the necessary third dimension. 它们的观察能力不包括必要的第三维。

　　Manifest 明显;表明

　　原文：They were designed to be put in places where these beings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritual actions. 它们被特地放置着，使那些接受膜拜的神灵和人物得以显现。

　　强化记忆：

　　That is manifest to all of us. 那对我们大家来说是显而易见的

　　He is a manifest liar. 他显然是个说谎的人。

　　Divine 神圣的

　　原文：Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what was happening in front of it, so that the living performer of the ritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient. 他能够更直接地观看到整个仪式的表演，并能与表演者互通心灵，传达神意。

　　强化记忆：

　　Her elegance and beauty was simply divine. 她高雅的气质和美丽的外表简直是上天的恩赐。

　　That play we saw last night was simply divine! 我们昨天晚上看的那出戏真是好极了!

　　to trust in divine providence 相信上苍(providence远见，天意，上苍)

　　Decease 死亡

　　原文：Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what was happening in front of it, so that the living performer of the ritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient. 他能够更直接地观看到整个仪式的表演，并能与表演者互通心灵，传达神意。

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