托福核心词汇：Transition to Sound in Film

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　　托福核心单词

　　Paradox 悖论;矛盾的

　　原文：Yet this most fundamental standard of historical periodization conceals a host of paradoxes. 这项历史周期中最基础的的标志性事件却隐藏在一系列的矛盾中。

　　强化记忆：

　　Since then the paradox has become ever more baffling. 从那以后，这个悖论更加令人迷惑。

　　The trend has created an immigration paradox. 这种趋势造成了一种移民悖论。

　　Era 时期;时代

　　原文：In many instances, spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images. 在一些实例中，录音时代之前的观众都亲历过那种在电影放映画面的同时旁边是复杂的音效呈现。

　　强化记忆：

　　We are living in the computer. 我们正生活在计算机时代。

　　His death marked the end of an ear. 他的死标志着一个时代的结束。

　　Aural 听觉的;耳的

　　原文：In many instances, spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images. 在一些实例中，录音时代之前的观众都亲历过那种在电影放映画面的同时旁边是复杂的音效呈现。

　　强化记忆：

　　You can use these tapes as aural material. 你可以把这些磁带当作听力材料。

　　The opera was an aural as well as a visual delight. 这部歌剧对于听觉和视觉都是一种享受。

　　Premiere 初次演出

　　原文：In Berlin, for the premiere performance outside the Soviet Union of The Battleship Potemkin. 在柏林，为了能在露天公演的关于苏联的波利金战役。

　　强化记忆：

　　He achieved his premiere in a play. 他成功获得了初次演出戏剧的机会。

　　Anna will premiere a movie after graduation. 安娜将迎来毕业后第一次电影演出。

　　Overshadow 使阴暗;使失色

　　原文：Beyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s.除此之外，录音的辉煌还是使20世纪20年代同时百家争鸣的视觉影像方面的技术和审美实验的进步相形见绌。

　　强化记忆：

　　Large oak trees overshadow the garden. 高大的栎树把花园遮得很暗。

　　Despite her professional success, she is always overshadowed by her husband. 尽管她事业有成，但和丈夫相比总感觉逊色。

　　Triumph 胜利;成功

　　原文：Beyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s.除此之外，录音的辉煌还是使20世纪20年代同时百家争鸣的视觉影像方面的技术和审美实验的进步相形见绌。

　　强化记忆：

　　The winning team returned home in triumph. 球队凯旋而归。

　　She smiled with an air of triumph. 她的脸上闪露出胜利的微笑。

　　Aesthetic美学的

　　原文：Beyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s.除此之外，录音的辉煌还是使20世纪20年代同时百家争鸣的视觉影像方面的技术和审美实验的进步相形见绌。

　　强化记忆：

　　His aesthetic ideas were his own. 他有他自己的审美观念。

　　Music induces aesthetic feeling in us. 音乐使我们产生美感。

　　Simultaneously 同时地

　　原文：Beyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s.除此之外，录音的辉煌还是使20世纪20年代同时百家争鸣的视觉影像方面的技术和审美实验的进步相形见绌。

　　强化记忆：

　　The event will be telecast simultaneously to nearly 150 cities. 这一盛事将向近150个城市同时进行电视广播。

　　This machine can sew and cut the fabric simultaneously. 这台机器可以一边缝纫，一边裁布，同时运作。

　　Startling 令人吃惊的

　　原文：New color processes, larger or differently shaped screen sizes, multiple-screen projections, even television, were among the developments invented or tried out during the period, sometimes with startling success. 在这期间充斥着新技术的发明或者提出，有一些甚至取得了成功，新的色彩处理，更大的和不同尺寸的屏幕，多屏放映的设计，甚至是电视。

　　强化记忆：

　　He describes the scene with startling reality. 他对那景象的描述逼真得令人惊讶。

　　There fell upon my ears a most startling scream. 我听到一声非常可怕的尖叫。

　　Suppress 抑制;制止

　　原文：The high costs of converting to sound and the early limitations of sound technology were among the factors that suppressed innovations or retarded advancement in these other areas. 声音转化的高成本和早期声音技术的局限成为了抑制或妨碍了这些发明的在其所在领域的优势。

　　强化记忆：

　　He tried to suppress his feelings. 他尽力抑制住自己的情感。

　　She was struggling to suppress her sobs. 她拼命不让自己哭出来。(sob呜咽声)

　　Retard 减速;阻止

　　原文：The high costs of converting to sound and the early limitations of sound technology were among the factors that suppressed innovations or retarded advancement in these other areas. 声音转化的高成本和早期声音技术的局限成为了抑制或妨碍了这些发明的在其所在领域的优势。

　　强化记忆：

　　Cold weather retards the growth of the crops. 寒冷的天气妨碍了庄家生长。

　　He keeps saying so as to retard the time. 他说个不停，以拖延时间。

　　Synchronization 同步

　　原文：These critics were making a common assumption—that the technological inadequacies of earlier efforts (poor synchronization, weak sound amplification, fragile sound recordings) would invariably occur again. 这些批评家都持有一个共同的假设，那就是早期成果的技术缺陷仍将不可避免的发声(较差的同步性，微小的音量和断断续续的录音)。

　　强化记忆：

　　File synchronization is incredibly difficult. 文件同步是一门大学问。

　　How does such synchronization come about? 如此同步是怎么产生的?

　　Amplification 扩大;放大

　　原文：These critics were making a common assumption—that the technological inadequacies of earlier efforts (poor synchronization, weak sound amplification, fragile sound recordings) would invariably occur again. 这些批评家都持有一个共同的假设，那就是早期成果的技术缺陷仍将不可避免的发声(较差的同步性，微小的音量和断断续续的录音)。

　　强化记忆：

　　The voice of despair may be weak and need amplification. 绝望的呼声可能很微弱，需要变大。

　　Avenue 大道;方法手段

　　原文：They were interested in all forms of sound technology and all potential avenues for commercial exploitation. 通用电器公司，威斯汀豪斯都对声音技术的各种形式和一切商业开发潜力表示感兴趣。

　　强化记忆：

　　The avenue was crowed with people. 大街上挤满了人。

　　Hard work is a sure avenue to success. 勤奋是可靠的成果之道。

　　Wire 电报;装电线

　　原文：These forces were the rapidly expanding electronics and telecommunications companies that were developing and linking telephone and wireless technologies in the 1920s. 而在1920年，这个了力量急速的扩张发展出了连接电话与无线电工艺的电子公司和电子通讯公司。

　　强化记忆：

　　I sent a wire to my mother this morning. 今天上午我给母亲打了电话。

　　The kids are taught how to wire a plug. 孩子们被教导如何把电线装进塞子。

　　Enormously 巨大地

　　原文：The triumph of sound cinema was swift, complete, and enormously popular.有声电影取得了胜利，并迅速，完全，广泛的流行起来。

　　强化记忆：

　　I’am enormously grateful for your help. 我万分感谢你的帮助。

　　The university president is enormously popular. 这位大学校长极受大家欢迎。

　　Prohibitive 禁止的;费用

　　原文：In Europe it took a little longer, mainly because there were more small producers for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive. 欧洲要稍微晚一点更多是因为他们有很多小型的无法负担音效成本的生产商。

　　强化记忆：

　　The price of property in the city is prohibitive. 城市的房地产价格令人望而止步。

　　The cost of education becomes prohibitive to lower-income families. 许多低收入家庭对教育经费不敢问津。

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