托福核心词汇：Children and Advertising

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　　Outlook 景色;观点;展望

　　原文：Young children are trusting of commercial advertisements in the media, and advertisers have sometimes been accused of taking advantage of this trusting outlook. 儿童信任媒体中的商业广告，并且广告商因利用这种信任背景的有利条件常常受到指责。

　　强化记忆：

　　Even optimists admit the outlook to be poor. 甚至乐观的人都认为前景不好。

　　Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook. 上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。

　　Tactic 策略;战略

　　原文：General concern about misleading tactics that advertisers employ is centered on the use of exaggeration. 人们普遍关心广告商夸大其词的误导策略。

　　强化记忆：

　　The team won the game thanks to Jeff’s fabulous spot tactic. 对亏了杰夫当场制定的英明战略，他的球队赢了。

　　The new tactic was put into operation early in 1939. 这个新的战略是在1939年初开始运用的。

　　Exaggeration 夸张

　　原文：General concern about misleading tactics that advertisers employ is centered on the use of exaggeration. 人们普遍关心广告商夸大其词的误导策略。

　　强化记忆：

　　John is rather given to exaggeration. 约翰喜欢夸张。

　　Without exaggeration I can say that I hardly slept a wink. 可以毫不夸大地说，我几乎没有合过眼。

　　Brand 商标;牌子

　　原文：They represent the advertiser's opinions about the qualities of their products or brand and, as a consequence, are difficult to verify. 它们代表了广告客户对产品质量或品牌的观点，因此，它们很难被核实。

　　强化记忆：

　　Which brand of toothpaste do you use? 你用什么牌子的牙膏?

　　Choose whichever brand you prefer. 挑选你喜欢的那个品牌。

　　Offset抵消;补偿

　　原文：Advertisers sometimes offset or counterbalance an exaggerated claim with a disclaimer—a qualification or condition on the claim. 广告商有时通过补偿或者免责的形式来平衡一个夸大的说辞。

　　强化记忆：

　　The gains offset the losses. 得失相当。

　　They jump their prices to offset heavy expenditures. 他们提高物价来抵消庞大的开支。

　　Counterbalance 抵消;使平衡

　　原文：Advertisers sometimes offset or counterbalance an exaggerated claim with a disclaimer—a qualification or condition on the claim. 广告商有时通过补偿或者免责的形式来平衡一个夸大的说辞。

　　强化记忆：

　　The boy’s earnest effort counterbalance his slowness at learning. 这孩子孜孜不倦的努力抵消了他学习的迟钝。

　　There are, of course, drawbacks to counterbalance the advantages. 这就需求平衡各种利弊。

　　Disclaimer 拒绝;免责声明

　　原文：Advertisers sometimes offset or counterbalance an exaggerated claim with a disclaimer—a qualification or condition on the claim. 广告商有时通过补偿或者免责的形式来平衡一个夸大的说辞。

　　强化记忆：

　　Disclaimer:All the statement of this post is considered as fictional. 免责条款：此文章之所有内容应被视作虚构。

　　Disclaimer: Above contents all referenced. 声明：以上内容均为转载。

　　Cereal 谷物的

　　原文：For example, the claim that breakfast cereal has a health benefit may be accompanied by the disclaimer "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast." 举个例子，声称早餐食用谷物食品对健康是有益的可能会附带一个免责声明“当早餐被部分营养平衡时”。

　　强化记忆：

　　Cereal products are good for our health. 谷物产品对我们身体有益。

　　The disease attacks cereal crop. 这种疾病侵害了谷类作作物。

　　Comprehend理解

　　原文：that disclaimers are more readily comprehended when presented in both audio and visual formats. 同时，当免责声明以声音和视觉的形式同时出现时是容易被理解的。

　　强化记忆：

　　I cannot comprehend this phrase. 我无法理解这个片语。

　　The child couldn’t comprehend the text. 这孩子不懂该课文的含义。

　　Perceive察觉;理解

　　原文：The intention is for the positively perceived attributes of the celebrity to be transferred to the advertised product and for the two to become automatically linked in the audience's mind. 目的是将感知到的对名人的积极评价转移为对我们所广告的产品的评价，使两者在观众的脑海中自动的变得有联系。

　　强化记忆：

　　At first I couldn’t perceive what he meant. 起先我不理解他说的意思。

　　We can perceive his sorrow by the looks on his face. 我们从他的表情中觉察出悲伤。

　　Attribute 特质;属性;归于

　　原文：The intention is for the positively perceived attributes of the celebrity to be transferred to the advertised product and for the two to become automatically linked in the audience's mind. 目的是将感知到的对名人的积极评价转移为对我们所广告的产品的评价，使两者在观众的脑海中自动的变得有联系。

　　强化记忆：

　　Most historians attribute such declines to wars and conquests. 大多数的历史学家把这样的衰亡归于战争和征服。

　　Many people’s success can be attributed to hard work and a bit of luck. 很多人的成功都可以归于勤奋加上一点儿运气。

　　Transfer 转移;改变

　　原文：The intention is for the positively perceived attributes of the celebrity to be transferred to the advertised product and for the two to become automatically linked in the audience's mind. 目的是将感知到的对名人的积极评价转移为对我们所广告的产品的评价，使两者在观众的脑海中自动的变得有联系。

　　强化记忆：

　　Our company will have a transfer to London. 我们公司将迁往伦敦。

　　The exhibition was transferred to another city two days later. 两天后，这个展会转移到另一个城市。

　　Celebrity 名人;名声

　　原文：The intention is for the positively perceived attributes of the celebrity to be transferred to the advertised product and for the two to become automatically linked in the audience's mind. 目的是将感知到的对名人的积极评价转移为对我们所广告的产品的评价，使两者在观众的脑海中自动的变得有联系。

　　强化记忆：

　　She became a celebrity overnight. 她一下变成名人了。

　　She achieved celebrity status overnight. 她一夜之间成为名流。

　　Conflate 合并;混合

　　原文：In the recent past, the role of celebrities in advertising to children has often been conflated with the concept of host selling. 最近几年，对儿童来说名人在广告中的作用已经与卡通主角销售混为一谈了。

　　强化记忆：

　　The results of the two experiments were conflated. 这两项实验的结果合并在一起了。

　　The two meanings conflated. 这两个意思混在一起了。

　　Distinguish 区别;辨别

　　原文：Generally, there is uncertainty as to whether very young children can distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising. 一般的来看，幼童区别广告中的幻想和现实部分存在着不确定性。

　　强化记忆：

　　We should distinguish between right and wrong. 我们应辨别是非。

　　Speeches distinguish human beings from animals. 人类和动物的区别在于人会说话。

　　Nutritional 营养的;滋养的

　　原文：For example, the claim that breakfast cereal has a health benefit may be accompanied by the disclaimer "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast." 举个例子，声称早餐食用谷物食品对健康是有益的可能会附带一个免责声明“当早餐被部分营养平衡时”。

　　强化记忆：

　　Jujube has high nutritional value. 红枣的营养价值很高。

　　Your dietitian may suggest a nutritional supplement. 你的营养师可能会建议一些营养补品。(dietitian营养师)

　　Validate使生效;经过验证的

　　原文：In addition, children feel validated in their choice of a product when a celebrity endorses that product. 另外，当名人赞同某一个产品并且儿童也选择这个产品时，儿童会感觉产品有效果。

　　强化记忆：

　　The ticket has to be stamped by the airline to validate it. 须经航空公司盖章，该机票才能生效。

　　Do these results validate his theory? 这些结果可以证实他的理论吗?

　　Negatively 消极地;否定地

　　原文：A study of children in Hong Kong, however, found that the presence of celebrities in advertisements could negatively affect the children's perceptions of a product if the children did not like the celebrity in question. 然而，在香港对儿童的研究发现，如果儿童不喜欢当下的名人，名人在广告中的出现可能使儿童对该产品的看法变得负面影响。

　　强化记忆：

　　She reacts negatively to everything I say. 她一味消极地反对我说的一切。

　　She shook her head negatively. 她否定地摇了摇头。

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