托福写作如何摆脱困难

　　为了帮助大家高效备考托福，新东方在线托福频道为大家带来托福写作如何摆脱困难，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福频道!

　　第一、巩固语法。

　　建议看赖世雄的“托福高分语法”;此书不长，可在10天年看完一遍。此书的功效是可让菜鸟在10天内领会必要的托福写作文法及阅读中遇到的文法问题，如长句子的分析。看完此书，你会认为自己的英语水平提高了一个阶梯，不仅仅是作文方面。

　　如果没有此书的，偶已经上传了，在最下面可以找到，但是不要着急，等看完了这篇文章再下载也不迟.

　　第二、加强单词的熟悉程度。

　　建议用王玉梅的单词表(excel版)，其实，每个不同的单词表版本都不完美，比如大家背单词的进程不一样，对同一个单词的理解能力及熟悉程度不一致。建议自我完善下载下来的单词表。另外，有人认为，背完单词也就完了，该复习其他部分了，可以完全不用再背了。其实，偶不同意这个观点，根据人的遗忘规律，当时记得再牢的词语，过一段时间都会忘掉一些。复习IBT不是一天、两天或几个星期能搞得定的(除非牛人)，大家需要从一开始背单词一直支持到考试前一天，就算到后来一天看一点，也比不看强。

　　关于此表的用法：偶按照杨鹏记忆法的规定把王玉梅的词汇表分为21个lists，就在表里最前面一列。大家可以根据杨鹏记忆法结合玉梅词汇表操练。偶背了不到半个月已经背完，而且不易忘，非常有效!

　　前两点是基础。如果具备这两点的朋友，你们可以进入第二阶段的练习——熟悉范文。

　　第三、建议看李笑来的高分范文。

　　有些人在看范文的时候太过于注重好词好句，反而忽略了ETS对学生最主要、最重要的要求就是文章结构及论点和论据好坏与否。ETS的考官不在乎你的观点是反对呢还是赞成，或prefer哪一个观点，他们所在乎的是你的文章结构清楚与否，包括观点是否明确，对比是否宣明;在乎你的论点是否支持你的观点，论据是否有力。

　　关于李笑来的高分范文，偶买了的，基于文本和MP3不好传，这里有个连接，是一个板油提供的，大家可以上去找，不过要先注册，只有83M，http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=19&ID=172397　可以直接下

　　偶在此最主要的就是谈论文章结构及如何写好论点，展开论据。

　　第四、要观点明确　逻辑性强

　　基于T 友们具有了丰富的词汇和语法的基础，写句子已经不是什么难事。但是，如何写好观点明确、逻辑性强及对比宣明的好文章，一是和个人知识及想象力的多少有关，例如，It has recently been announced that a new movie theater may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

　　你家附近将要建一个电影院。你同意还是反对，详细阐述支持你看法的原因。

　　有些基础知识欠缺或者想象力不丰富的朋友，只会想到——1，反对，为啥?太吵，人多;2，另一些人支持这个观点，为啥支持?方便，近。他们在几分钟能想到也就这么多了。如何提高想象能力呢?在短时间内我们也无法提高很多，但是我们可以用一些常规的思维去思考——连锁想象法。例如，如果反对此观点，电影院能让我们想到什么不好的地方?从修建开始想——破坏绿化，如果它建在咱们附近原来是草坪的地方呢?在施工的时候有很多噪音、污染环境等等问题;从建好后想——人来人往，太嘈杂，刚开张时，说不定有什么庆祝活动，人群拥挤，影响舍区的安静，还有很多很多大家都可以用这种连锁法想到。如果赞成的，方便，只需走路就可以看电影了;从走路又想到，节约路费及想到如果在上下班高峰期看电影的话，就可以避开人多的公共交通工具了。。。另外，有了电影院，除了可以看电影帮助消费者，另外可以有打工的机会，如卖票，小吃部工作——帮助学生补贴boards。这些观点不外乎就是关于环境、社会关系、交通、学生、经济等等。

　　第五、熟记范文

　　在每次练习写作文前，看几篇和你想写的命题相关的范文，记一些例子和句式;另外，注意看范文里论点和论据是如何展开，以及写作思维，对比一下你自己的写作思维。 在写的时候一定要卡时间，超过30分钟就不要写了，反过来再看范文，对比一下。如果你没有写完，没有关系，总结经验最重要，分析一下为什么没有写完，是因为单词拼写耽误时间了，还是想不出来论点如何展开。多数人犯的是第二个问题，这个一是需要时间练习，二可以根据偶提供的办法解决。

　　大家在审完题后(花2分钟想一下2-3个论点)，把想到的论点在电脑上列个提纲。先把第一段，最后一段写完，及第二、三或四段的首句写完——首句就是论点，每段的body都是围绕这几个点来。如此，既防止写不完的情况发生，又不会写偏题——因为你在写首句的时候已经检查了和主题一致与否。把整个框架打好(在此申明，这个不是模板，模板太死板，虽然有它的好处，但是模板不能fit每个不同的命题)，再来想论据去支持论点。 这一点就看个人的功底了。如果字数够了，没有犯过大的语法错误，无论文章内容丰富与否，至少不会低于20分了。

　　字数最好控制在320-450之间，太多或低于300都不好。太多的话，除非你写得很到位，字字珠玑，否则有流水账之嫌。建议大家多精练句式和逻辑思维。句式不一定要很复杂，如很多从句之类的，这里指的是地道的英语表达方法; 文章中最好简单句兼插从句。精练句式有助于咱们提高写作水平和质量，不在乎写得多少，只求写得精及准确与否;逻辑思维可帮助我们很快的展开论据支持论点，有条有理，读者读着心情也舒畅。

　　第六、咱们来分析一下常考的几个个题型应该如何展开吧。

　　1、Agree or disagree/preference

　　大家再练习作文的时候，一定会有个问题盘旋在你脑海，如果问题是问do you agree or disagree….或do you prefer which statement or point…..咱们是该全否定呢?全赞成的 还是中立?但是如果全否定或全赞成好像又太偏激;中立呢，又跑题了。

　　都不妥!ETS不是SB，她出的题大部分98%是有争议性的，在众多的考生中有赞成的有反对的，她是见惯不惯了，一看咱们开始写反对或赞成，她就能机械化的对号入座，想都不用想就知道咱们写的什么理由;这样也有好处，至少不会认为咱们不是地球人，看咱们的文章也熟悉不费事。但是想在这种情况下得高分或满分却需要一定的功底和应试技巧。对于前一段提到的问题，如何写好Agree or disagree/preference题型呢?最好是按照一下格式来写。

　　对于第一种题型-Agree or disagree有时确实不好完全否定一个而赞成另个观点，折中的方法就是，点题表明你的立场——支持哪个，然后在文章中稍微带过关于你不同意的观点——其实它也有些优点，不要说得太多。在结尾时再强调你自己赞成的那个观点，这样就perfect的。

　　对于第二个题型-preference，最好只赞成一个写，实在是两个观点之间如果相关很大有很多共同点，都值得人们认为是对的，你也可捎带写一点另个观点的好处，但是着重强调自己的观点。

　　对于这种题型，好一点的结构是：

　　第一段：背景，然后点题，赞成(不赞成)或prefer哪个观点

　　二：让步。用of course, for sure, 开头，引出你相反观点里很明显的优点(记住是很明显的，公认的优点)，用一两句话写过。

　　三：用nevertheless, however, in contrast,等引出你自己的观点，这才是正文。

　　四：再加强支持你的观点

　　五：结尾。

　　在此，偶想提一下关于as far as I am concerned 或from my point of view这些句子的用法。

　　这种引出自己观点看法的句式不是在每个命题里都可以用的。有些命题不能用，如，preference类，因为你已经支持了一个观点，从头到位都是用你自己的观点在说你所支持的那个观点，但后面就不要再说as far as I am concerned的话了，听起来就像，我喜欢苹果不喜欢香蕉，为什么? 因为XXX;根据我的观点，XXXX-。听起来是不是有些怪怪的?

　　下面一片文章是按照以上结构写的一篇Agree or disagree：

　　131 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only people who earn a lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

　　Obviously, a millionaire may be one of the successful tycoons who have numerous money and assets. They may readily swim in the commercial and political ocean since they are rich and powerful. However, it is superficial to simply say that only people who earn much money are successful. One could become successful by doing a big job if he or she bites the bullet in work and can be with a little luck to get the opportunity to fulfill his or her dream or mission.

　　For sure, some people may argue that rich people are powerful, who are also successful. We have to admit that money is able to enrich people's physical lives and can be saved as incredible fortune to their descendants who may enjoy the brilliant lives for long time.

　　However, it is hard to believe that rich people are only the samples or role models of successful people. Some scientists as Newton and Edison have contributed numerously to the world of international development in science, physics, biology, mathematics and so on. Most are not rich but successful. For many, they spent most of their time in the labs to do the experiments which were the processes that have been transformed dramatically from theories to practices. These processes have unbelievably changed our lives and world. On the other hand, most scientists always keep in mind to apply the financial grant from the governments or individual donors. So, are they successful because they are rich? I do not think so.

　　Moreover, people who hold much money may become respectable but not successful by doing something meaningful. As all we know, money is not panacea, however, nowadays anything couldn't be done without money. Generally, anything will be done meaningfully with proper ways and a loving heart. For example, if people who are rich donate a bit of their savings to Hope School or financial institutions to help the poor children or disabled people, hence it may illuminate many children's or disabled people's lives and careers, and may totally change their lives. Probably, some of these children might become the great scientists or powerful tycoons in the future. Who knows? As a matter of fact, those who help the children or disabled people are lovely and respectable but not successful.

　　Therefore, it is pretty clear that I disagree with the statement that only people who earn a lot of money are successful. As far as I am concerned, the value of success will be represented by many significant factors. Money is a little piece of rag of them, which can not be either overemphasized or ignored.

　　字数428

　　2、why类型的题，如People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, and increased knowledge).Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

　　许多朋友对这个问题不好拿捏，不知道结构怎么写。其实最简单的方法就是最有效的方法。以下是其步骤：

　　1、背景，点题，列举2-3个原因。列举原因的句子最好是一句话。

　　2、第一个原因。

　　3、第二个原因。

　　4、第三个原因。

　　5、结尾。总结前三个原因——用一句话说明。然后表面自己对此的看法和感受。

　　下面是一篇根据以上步骤写的文章，供参考。

　　People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, and increased knowledge).Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

　　With the development of society, many people are inclined to go to university instead of finding job after high school. Among various motives that drive people to attend college or university are career preparation, increased academic knowledge and new pre-social experiences.

　　Career preparation may be the most common reason people attend college or university. Nowadays the phenomenon of the high education requirements from many companies is progressively outstanding. As is known to all, people may get the better job after graduation. Despite the difficulties of the admission from colleges or universities, people still want to cross into the door to go to university. As the culture of China, some students, who are lack of good condition of study, attempt to go to university learning more knowledge and gaining more opportunities since they know this way may be the only and best path which not only leads toward their brilliant future also changes their lives entirely.

　　Academic knowledge can be much easier accumulated regularly by learning in university. Of course, people can learn knowledge through other ways such as to learn on their own, to read and even observe. However, through the traditional media of colleges or universities, they are the easiest and fastest ways to obtain academic knowledge. This means the teachers in universities, either our instructors or mentors, are able to convey the knowledge, mentally or physically, much more efficient through the adequate methods than other ways such as self-study. Thus, people in college or university can avoid the mistakes that happened before, which can save their much more time to learn something else.

　　New academic experiences help people not only to obtain knowledge but only to understand the social relationship before contacting society. University, in fact, is an academic society which is smaller than our regular society. However, the complication of relationships between students and teachers, among classmates, boys and girls is almost the same as that of relationships of our big whole society. Clique may occur in university like the community or group in common society. Teens that have interests in common like spending their time in the cliques, most of which are related to music, sports, books, or painting. They are very popular in every university. In fact, students who stay in the cliques are consciously or subconsciously tend to learn how to get along with others before attending the regular society.

　　From the reasons I mentioned above, it is pretty clear why people attend college or university that are career preparation, increased academic knowledge and new pre-social experiences. As far as I am concerned, attending college or university is a prerequisite preparation before young are mature. People may accumulate essential skills in university to avoid some evitable troubles.

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