托福阅读解析总结题

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　　这类托福考题的特点：有六个选项，你可以从中选出三个最能表达主要思想的句子。这类考题分值是2分，选出三个得2分，选出2 个得1分，顺序选择不影响得分。所以这道题的考点主要在于对文章的主要观点和相对重要信息的理解和辨识能力，排除文中次要信息和未提及的信息。

　　解决方法：

　　一、做题前的准备

　　大家都会花3-5分钟略读全文，把握整篇文章的大意和结构，这样可以站在全文的高度解题，避免出现“只见树木不见森林“的情况。对待全文总结题全文通读非常重要，在这3到5分钟之间要做好以下两步：

　　1、分清楚文章细节与主题。在读文章的时候做好文章分析，那些是本段论点，那些是段落中的举例，和离题内容。那些肯定不是答案。 2、阅读时做好简单笔记。理清文章思路。那些是论点及论点的支持论据，那些是转折，作者态度，就这三点。

　　以下面这篇阅读为例：

　　Glacier Formation

　　Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snow falls as hexagonal crystals， but once on the ground， snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller， rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting， the grains become denser. With further melting， refreezing， and increased weight from newer snowfall above， the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time， pressure， and refrozen meltwater from above， the small firn granules become larger， interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough， usually over 30 meters， the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.

　　第一段主题：冰川的形成是长期的积雪压缩和晶状体累积，最后一句为细节信息，冰块超过30米之后，会有积流。

　　Glaciers are open systems， with snow as the system’s input and meltwater as the system's main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables： precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass， there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting， evaporation， and calving， which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long， then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow. Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.

　　第二段主题：控制冰川系统的两个因素：降雪和温度，分别根据这两个因素展开了简单论述。

　　Glaciers are part of Earth’s hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained. About 2 percent of Earth’s water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure， however， since over 80 percent of the world’s freshwater is locked up as ice in glaciers， with the majority of it in Antarctica. The total amount of ice is even more awesome if we estimate the water released upon the hypothetical melting of the world’s glaciers. Sea level would rise about 60 meters. This would change the geography of the planet considerably. In contrast， should another ice age occur， sea level would drop drastically. During the last ice age， sea level dropped about 120 meters.

　　第三段主题：冰川是地球主要淡水源;该段细节主要有两个，第一个转折点，冰川占世界80%淡水资源，第二个转折点在最后一句，冰川融化将士另一个冰河时代来临。

　　When snowfalls on high mountains or in polar regions， it may become part of the glacial system. Unlike rain， which returns rapidly to the sea or atmosphere， the snow that becomes part of a glacier is involved in a much more slowly cycling system. Here water may be stored in ice form for hundreds or even hundreds of thousands of years before being released again into the liquid water system as meltwater. In the meantime， however， this ice is not static. Glaciers move slowly across the land with tremendous energy， carving into even the hardest rock formations and thereby reshaping the landscape as they engulf， push， drag， and finally deposit rock debris in places far from its original location. As a result， glaciers create a great variety of landforms that remain long after the surface is released from its icy covering.

　　第四段主题：冰川循环，细节信息：冰川造就了地球上很多地形

　　Throughout most of Earth’s history， glaciers did not exist， but at the present time about 10 percent of Earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. Present-day glaciers are found in Antarctica， in Greenland， and at high elevations on all the continents except Australia. In the recent past， from about 2.4 million to about 10，000 years ago， nearly a third of Earth’s land area was periodically covered by ice thousands of meters thick. In the much more distant past， other ice ages have occurred.

　　第五段主题：过去、现在、未来冰川的存在情况

　　二、做题方法1、熟悉选项。把六个选项看一遍，将选项分为3类：主题、细节题、文章没提。

　　纵观以上六个选项，我们不难选出，A、细节+主题;B、主题;C、主题;D、细节;E、细节;F、细节。

　　2、选择选项 将选项分成3类之后，建议大家根据通读文章时的笔记，用直选与排除的方法结合做题。主题选项一般采用直选的方法，细节部分一般采用排除法。A选项，前半句为第四段细节信息，主题部分为第一段主题，因此A项后半句也正确，直选;B选项，第四段主题，直选;C选项，第二段主题，glaciers cannot form in temperate latitudes为离题内容，排除;D选项，第一段最后一句的细节信息，直选;E选项，考察内容第三段的第二个转折点，忽视细节信息，排除;F选项，考察第三段第一个转折点的信息，与原文不符，排除。因此我们得到了正确选项：ABD.

　　Directions： An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

　　Glaciers are part of Earth's hydrologic cycle.

　　●Glaciers， which at present…

　　●When there are glaciers…

　　●When glacial ice reaches…

　　Answer Choices

　　A、Glaciers， which at present contain 80 percent of Earth's freshwater， form when accumulated snow is compressed and recrystallized into ice over a period of years.

　　B、When there are glaciers on Earth， water is cycled through the glacier system， but the cycle period may be hundreds of thousands of years during periods of ice ages.

　　C、The glacial system is governed by precipitation and temperature in such a way that glaciers cannot form in temperate latitudes.

　　D、When glacial ice reaches a depth of 30 meters， the weight of the ice causes ice crystals at the bottom to flow， and the resulting movement of the glacier carves the landscape.

　　E、If global warming melted the world's glaciers， sea level would rise about 60 meters worldwide.

　　F、Glaciers have had little effect on Earth's surface because only 2 percent of Earth's water is currently contained in glaciers， and there are fewer glaciers now than at most times in the past.

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