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2022托福写作万能素材：个人和群体

2021-12-02 11:05:00来源：新东方在线托福

托福写作中，运用一些优秀的事例会让你的作文锦上添花，带来更高的作文分数！新东方在线托福为大家整理了政治、科技、艺术、经济等万能素材，希望对大家的托福考试有所帮助！

群体：群体思想多，竞争压力

个人：一个人走在前面的孤独，任何成功的人都是耐得住寂寞的人

Barbara McClintock

Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992), the 1983 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, was an American scientist and one of the world's most distinguished cytogeneticists. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927, where she was a leader in the development of maize cytogenetics. The field remained the focus of her research for the rest of her career. From the late 1920s, McClintock studied chromosomes and how they change during reproduction in maize. Her work was groundbreaking: she developed the technique for visualizing maize chromosomes and used microscopic analysis to demonstrate many fundamental genetic ideas, including genetic recombination by crossing-over during meiosis—a mechanism by which chromosomes exchange information.

Encountering skepticism of her research and its implications, she stopped publishing her data in 1953. Later, she made an extensive study of the cytogenetics and ethnobotany of maize races from South America. McClintock's research became well understood in the 1960s and 1970s, as researchers demonstrated the mechanisms of genetic change and genetic regulation that she had demonstrated in her maize research in the 1940s and 1950s. Awards and recognition for her contributions to the field followed, including the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, awarded to her in 1983 for the discovery of genetic transposition; she is the only woman to receive an unshared Nobel Prize in that category.

William Harvey (1578-1657), English physician, who discovered the circulation of blood and the role of heart in propelling it, thus refuting the theories of Galen and laying a foundation for the modern physiology. Harvey’s De Motu Cordis subjected him to serve criticism by some contemporaries, but this was more than compensated for by the later widespread recognition of his contribution.

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