托福综合写作满分范文:太空旅游业的前景

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托福综合写作试题

Writing Basedon Reading andListening

Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen.

Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question.

Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content.

You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listento the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response.

Write your response in the space provided.

READING

As for those who have travelled all over the world, there will soon be something fresh. Private businesses are developing spacecraft that allows individuals to pay for their own space tours. Thus, a privatized space tourism industry will take shape. At present, it is only the government who is responsible for the travel in space. Shortly, this new industry will bring huge benefits to both science and the public.

First, space tourism will benefit serious space exploration as it makes spaceflight less expensive.Privatization stimulates competition, which constitutes the greatest motivators to bring down costs. Consequently, the costs of space technology will be lowered rapidly. As a matter of fact, cutting the expenses of space travel will be beneficial to not only space tourists but also scientists, who could utilize private spacecraft to conduct research.

In addition, privatizing space tours will enhance the rate at which major scientific discoveries are made. So far, the aerospace industry has already sponsored many pioneering scientific research programs, and the rise of private spaceflight enterprises will help the industry grow in size as a whole, thereby employing more scientists. The enlarged recruitment of working scientists means not just the possibility of making more discoveries but also the possibility of making those discoveries faster than before.

Finally, when space travel is solely provided by the government, its costs are paid for by the entire taxpaying public. However, owing to privatization, these expenses will be covered by the customers of this new industry. The fact that private spaceflight companies will be able to raise funds through ticket sales means that the financial burden on taxpayers will be considerably alleviated.

LISTENING

Now play Track 2.

Professor:

It seems that in the near future private spaceships will help people realize the dream of going on space tours. Yet will this new industry really bring great benefits to serious science and the general public? I amafraid not.

First, private space tours, which are priced extremely high, will possibly remain expensive all the time. On the one hand, commercialspace travel will require an elaborate space traffic-control system that prevents collisions. Actually,developing and operating such a system will be costly as well. On the other hand, safety is another factor keeping the expenses at a high level, because each new spaceship will have to pass rounds of safety tests, which also tends to be an extraordinarily expensive process. These costs will be reflected in the prices of space tour tickets. As a result, it is impossible to expect space flights to become cheaper speedily.

Second, regarding the influence produced by private space travel on the rate of scientific discoveries and breakthroughs, I would say it will delay or even prevent them to occur. If the most intelligent engineers working on government space projects are lured away by the high pays offered by private businesses, they might end up working on commercial programs that have no scientific value at all. Thus, serious space research might actually suffer.

Last, will the taxpaying public be relieved from financial burden? Definitely not! In fact, the so-called private space tourism cannot survive without huge public tax subsidies. Billions upon billions of dollars are needed to construct space stations, space airports and so forth, and private companies are truly incapable of raising such large amounts of money. Therefore, the development of private spaceflight industry will never ease the burden on taxpayers. On the contrary, the public will be paying more taxes to subsidize private space tours.

Question

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they oppose specific points made in the reading passage.

You must finish your answer in 20 minutes.

托福综合写作范文

The materials focus on the prospects of privatized space tourism. The author anticipates that it will be beneficial to both the scientific field and the masses, while the speaker presents his opposite thoughts.

As the passage declares, its first benefit to aeronautics is the reduction on the expenses of space travels. In contrast, the professor stresses the impossibility of a price cut because of the complex traffic-control system. Besides, conducting safety tests also demands heavy investment. Thus, the assumption of the author is severely weakened.

Second, the passage maintains that privatized space tourism will quicken the pace of scientific findings. Again,this is retorted by the lecture, which asserts that it actually retards or even obstructs research work due to brain drains. Obviously, this forms a sharp contradiction against what isstated by the writer.

Finally, the author takes it for granted that people's tax load will be removed as the private enterprises will cover the costs of spaceflights and raise capital by selling expensive tickets. Yet the professor insists that the space industry involves too much money to be afforded by the private businesses alone. People's tax burden will become heavier, which completely rejects the opinion shown in the passage.

(201 words)

参考译文

材料主要论述私有化的太空旅游业的前景。据作者预测，它将使科学领域和大众受益，而演讲者则表达了相反的看法。

文章宣称，降低太空旅行费用是私有化给航天业带来的第一个好处。与之相反，教授则强调说，由于复杂的交通控制系统的存在，价格是不可能下调的。此外，进行安全测试也需要巨额投资。于是，作者的设想遭到了严重削弱。

第二，文章认为私有化的太空旅游业会加速科学发现的进程。演讲又反驳道，由于人才流失，事实上，它将延缓甚至阻碍研究工作的开展。显然，这与作者的论述形成了尖锐的矛盾。

最后，作者想当然地认为，由于私人企业将为宇宙航行买单，并通过销售高价票筹集资金，人们的纳税负担会消除。然而，教授坚持认为航天业涉及过多的资金，而私人企业无法独自承担这些费用。人们的税负会愈加繁重，这全然推翻了文章阐明的观点。

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