托福综合写作满分范文:外来入侵的后果

新东方在线托福整理了2023托福写作模板、高分范文、托福写作时间以及字数要求等内容，今天带来的是托福综合写作满分范文:外来入侵的后果，希望大家的托福写作有所帮助！

托福综合写作试题

Writing Basedon Reading and Listening

Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen.

Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question.

Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content.

You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listento the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response.

Write your response in the space provided.

READING

Once upon a time, Easter Island, a small and remote island in the Pacific Ocean, used to be the cradle of a flourishing culture. However, around 600 years ago, or 1500 A. D., its society suddenly fell into decay. History shows us that such events are normally incurred by outsiders' impacts. Thereafter, we may discover some facts about the decline of Easter Island's society which could be explained by a hypothesis of a foreign invasion.

The first of these facts is related to trees. Many Pacific island societies have managed to choose an ecologically balanced way of living by using, rather than overexploiting, such natural resources as trees. Thus, they mostly remain lush, but Easter Island is an exception.Although it was once densely forested, most of the trees here had disappeared by about 600 years ago. Environmental destruction like this hasoften been caused by invaders, who would exhaust an area's natural resources without any concerns for its future.

Moreover, the idea of an invasion could also be supported by the facts about the large stone statues on Easter Island. There are as many as 900 of these statuses, among which the tallest stands 20 meters tall. Apparently, the island society attached great importance to their production. Nonetheless, about the same time that it became deforested, the natives stopped making these statues. Without doubt, an invasion would help explain the reason why this traditional practice of Easter Island came to a sudden end.

Finally, a new religion called the "Birdman" worship was developed on Easter Island when other changes were taking place. So far we cannot find any convincing proof about the existence of this religion before 1500 A. D., which indicates that "Birdman" worship may have been introduced by foreign invaders.

LISTENING

Now play Track 9.

Professor:

What is discussed in the article sounds reasonable theoretically, yet all the concrete evidence points to the internal causes of the decline of Easter Island's culture 600 years ago. It is the lack of self-sustaining foresight that brings a native culture to a tragic end.

First, before 1500, Easter Island's society used to be prosperous enough to invest heavily on the construction of huge statues, which were recognized as the symbol of status. Thus, different communities on the island began to compete as to who could establish the most and the biggest statues. Here we come to the problem of trees: archaeological records demonstrate that the inhabitants moved the statues into position by using tree logs. Consequently, with the erecting of more and more statues, an increasing number of trees had to be cut down. At last, all the trees were depleted 600 years ago.

Needless to say, once there were no more trees left, no longer could the natives make fishing rafts. Naturally, in no way could they catch fish at sea. As their life necessities became extremely limited, the islanders could never afford the time and energy to produce huge statues. In addition, without the help the tree logs, they were incapable of moving the statues away. Hence, the building of statues suddenly stopped.

Understandably, when life became a struggle for survival, the natives might lose confidence in their old gods,who wouldn't seem to be blessing them any more. Thereafter, it would not be surprising for the islanders choose to develop a new religion, in the hope that a different god would ensure theman easier life.

Question

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they oppose specific points made in the readingpassage.

You must finish your answer in 20 minutes.

托福综合写作范文

The writer holds that an alien invasion caused the abrupt social decay of Easter Island. This hypothesis is retorted by the speaker, who believes that the decline must be the aftermath of shortsightedness.

To begin with, the passage claims that trees on the island disappeared because of the environmental damage done by the invaders. Such a unilateral idea is challenged by the professor's counterargument that the loss of trees resulted from the islanders' frenzy statue competition. The more statues they built, the more trees had to be cut and in the end all the trees were gone.

Second, the writer attributes the sudden stop of statue construction to foreign invasion. The professor, however, argues that local inhabitants themselves ceased to erect statues, because they even had no trees to make fishing boats for food. Meanwhile, they were also incapable of pulling down the old statues. This contradicts what is discussed in the passage.Finally, in the writer's opinion, "Birdman" Worship was probably introduced by the invaders. Refuting this faulty standpoint, the lecturer contends that the deteriorating

living conditions made native people lose trust in their former gods and thus they started to adopt a different religion to pray for a good change.

(202 words)

参考译文

作者认为是外来入侵导致了伊斯特岛社会的突然衰败，这个假说遭到了演讲者的反驳，他认为其衰落是缺乏远见的后果。

首先，文章指出，岛上的树木是由于侵略者对环境的破坏而消失的。这个片面的想法被教授的驳论推翻，他表示，树木的消失归因于岛上居民疯狂的雕像筑造竞赛。他们建成的雕像越多，砍伐的树木也会越多，最后，所有的树都被砍伐一空。

第二，作者称，外来侵略致使雕像建造工程突然终止。然而，教授反驳道，是当地居民停止树立雕像的，因为他们甚至已经没有树木去打造渔船获取食物。与此同时，他们也无法将旧雕塑拆除。这与文章的论断相矛盾。

最后，据作者推断，“鸟人”崇拜也许是由入侵者带来的。而演讲者反驳了这个错误的观点，他表示，日益恶化的生存条件使居民对以前的神灵失去了信任。因此，他们开始接纳不同的宗教以祈祷能有好的转变。

更多托福备考资料、托福机经，同学们可以扫描下方二维码，关注新东方在线托福，回复【XDF】，即可获得托福资料包！

你是否还想知道：

正式官宣!托福考试重大改革:写作加入新题型,加试将成历史!

托福改革:托福新题型ETS官方范文及写作思路汇总

2023年托福考试时间一览表