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托福写作改革2023:考试时间|题型|评分标准

2023-05-10 16:01:00来源:网络整理

新东方在线托福整理了托福写作题型、考试时间、字数要求、评分标准等内容,今天带来的是托福写作改革2023:考试时间|题型|评分标准的相关内容,供大家参考!

托福写作改革

从2023年7月26日起,托福写作取消了独立写作,被新的短篇写作题型Academic Discussion替代,综合写作部分保持不变,写作总时长由50分钟变为29分钟

托福写作考试题型有哪些

托福写作新题型:Academic Discussion

该试题会模拟线上课堂讨论,要求考生针对指定话题阐述观点并提供论据。时间限制10分钟,需要学生阅读材料后,完成一篇约100词左右的回答。

Academic Discussion要求学生们更多的发表自己的看法和评论。更符合美高和美本学生的作业要求、课堂讨论风格,以及重点检测文本分析能力和批判性思维。

托福综合写作

在综合写作任务中,考生需要先读短文、听短文,再依据所读所听的内容进行写作。这要求考生能够将课堂、讲座内容与阅读教材和其他材料相结合。在这种写作题型中,考生必须:

• 对听到和看到的材料做笔记,在写作前利用笔记组织信息

• 准确地从原文材料中总结、释义和引用信息

• 写出听到的信息与读到的信息之间是如何联系的

托福独立写作

在独立写作任务中,考生需要就某一主题撰写论文,依据自己的个人经历或立场,阐述并提供论据支撑自己的观点。

基础写作原则

无论是综合写作还是独立写作,都需要遵循一定的写作规则。依据《托福考试官方指南》,在所有的写作题型中,考生最好做到:

• 确定主题思想以及支持该思想的重要观点

• 计划如何组织论文(例如利用提纲)

• 利用推论、例证和细节展开论述

• 使用有条理的方式表达信息

• 运用有效的连接词(过渡词组)连接观点

• 运用语法和词汇有效表达

• 准确使用语法和词汇

• 遵循拼写、标点和格式的惯例

托福写作评分标准

托福写作新题型:Academic Discussion评分标准

托福写作新题5分评分标准

5分:紧密切题,对学术讨论进行了非常成功的观点补充,展现了充分的语言使用能力。

·内容充分回应题目,能够充分的解释观点;

·句式使用恰当熟练,用词准确并符合语言习惯;

·几乎没有词汇和语法错误,允许有个别完全不影响内容表达的小错误 (如常见的笔误/拼写错误等)。

托福写作新题4分评分标准

4分:文章切题,对学术讨论进行了观点补充,能够做到清晰易懂地表达观点。

·内容充分回应题目,较充分的解释观点;

·句式使用较为多样,用词恰当;

·有少量词汇和语法错误。

托福写作新题3分评分标准

3分:该分数段文章大部分切题,对学术讨论进行了较为清晰的补充,而且能展现出一定的语言应用能力。

·内容展开尚可,但论据如解释、例子、细节充足,不够清晰,或跑题;

·有一定的句式使用和用词能力;

·有明显的词汇和语法错误,包括句子结构,词性,搭配等。

托福写作新题2分评分标准

2分:文章几乎无法成功地回应题目,虽然尝试对学术讨论做出补充和贡献,但有限的语言应用能力会导致文章内容难以理解。

·内容展开不充分,或只有部分切题;

·句式词汇有限;

·存在大量句子结构,词性,其它语言使用等方面的错误。

托福写作新题1分评分标准

1分:文章无法对学术讨论做出补充和贡献,语言应用能力的限制影响了观点表达。

·尝试使用词汇和短语去回应任务,但是几乎没有或完全没有连贯的观点表达,句式词汇的使用极其有限;

·有严重且频繁的语言错误;

·几乎没有原创的内容;任何连贯的表达几乎都是从材料中照搬的。

托福综合写作评分标准

托福写作5分——满分

Score:5

Task Description

A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading。 The response is well organized, and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections。

解析:写作5分的评分标准给出了四项要求:

第一,要求考生从听力当中找寻到重要信息。

第二,要清晰准确地陈述阅读和听力的关系。综合写作阅读和听力目前只考察一种关系:听力反驳阅读。

第三,文章组织良好。其中文章结构框架可以用句型和模板;文章语言组织难度远低于独立写作,因为综合写作不能掺杂任何个人的观点,要求客观陈述读到和听到的内容,因此需要的主要信息均来自阅读和听力。

第四,满分是可以允许有偶尔的语言小错误。很多同学困惑何为严重的语言错误,何为小错误,我们只要通过一个简单的判断:影响语义理解的都可以被看作严重错误。综合写作特别强调如果有极少量语言错误依然可以拿到满分。若追求5分满分,将听力内容记多记全,听力听得越好,拿到满分的希望越高。

托福写作4分——高分

Task Description

A response at this level is generally good in selecting the important information from the lecture and in coherently and accurately presenting this information in relation to the relevant information in the reading, but it may have minor omission, inaccuracy, vagueness, or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading。 A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas。

解析:综合写作4分的评分标准依然先考察学生是否从听力中找寻到重要信息,并且考察是否能清晰准确地陈述阅读和听力的关系,这两点上和满分要求一致,那一分扣在哪里了呢?

4分和5分不同的地方评分标准用了一个“but”转折, 如果考生写作中出现陈述听力内容时出现小的遗漏,不精确,模糊或者不准确将被扣除1分。或者陈述阅读和听力关系有误,听力反驳阅读天然拿分,因此陈述关系的句型框架要提前准备。

如:The lecturer made the point that……,which differs from the main idea in the reading that……。

4分也有对语言错误的要求。总体而言,综合写作的评分对于语言的要求要低于独立写作。并不对遣词造句提出严格的要求,而只是对错误的频率和严重程度进行了界定。因此,若想综合写作不失分,谨记听力笔记,谨防听力内容写出偏差。

托福写作3分——中国考生平均分

托福综合写作的分数分布是中间段最多,满分和低分都很少。综合写作的阅读难度远低于托福阅读,综合写作的听力难度也不难于托福听力,但是综合写作拿到3分以上却不简单。 很多考生参加托福考试出了考场感觉综合写作很好,大部分都听懂了,结果出来分数就不理想。这到底是为什么呢?我们看一下综合写作3分的评分标准

Task Description

A response at this level contains some important information from the lecture and conveys some relevant connection to the reading, but it is marked by one or more of the following:

1) Although the overall response is definitely oriented to the task, it conveys only vague, global, unclear, or somewhat imprecise connection of the points made in the lecture to points made in the reading。

2) The response may omit one major key point made in the lecture。

3) Some key points made in the lecture or the reading, or connections between the two, may be incomplete, inaccurate, or imprecise。

4) Errors of usage and/or grammar may be more frequent or may result in noticeably vague expressions or obscured meanings in conveying ideas and connections。

解析:综合写作3分依然首先要求从听力当中找寻到重要信息,并阐述听力和阅读的关系是怎样的。如果你犯了以下一个或者多个错误,就会被打到3分。其中第二项是中国考生常被扣分的原因:听力遗失一个要点将被扣除两分。综合写作听力一共有几个点呢?3个。因此,注意听力每段的主要内容,并写作时不要出现措辞偏差。

托福写作2-0分——低分

Score:2

Task Description

A response at this level contains some relevant information from the lecture, but is marked by significant language difficulties or by significant omission or inaccuracy of important ideas from the lecture or in the connections between the lecture and the reading; a response at this level is marked by one or more of the following:

1) The response significantly misrepresents or completely omits the overall connection between the lecture and reading。

2) The response significantly omits or significantly misrepresents important points made in the lecture。

3) The response contains language errors or expressions that largely obscure connections or meaning at key junctures, or that would likely obscure understanding of key ideas for a reader not already familiar with the reading and the lecture。

Score:1

Task Description

A response at this level is marked by one or more of the following:

The response at this level is marked by one or more of the following:

1) The response provides little or no meaningful or relevant coherent content from the lecture。

2) The language level of the response is so low that it is difficult to derive meaning。

Score:0

Task Description

A response at this level merely copies sentences from the reading, rejects the topic or is otherwise not connected to the topic, is written in a foreign language, consists of keystroke characters,or is blank.

解析:综合写作2分以下主要是因为学生没有太听懂听力。因此,考生可以用托福听力Lecture作为练习材料,每天一个小时练习听写。练到听一遍就可以记下来讲座的三个要点为止,然后再开始练习综合写作题目。

托福独立写作评分标准

托福独立写作5分

An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:

Effectively addresses the topic and task

Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplification, and/or details

Displays unity, progression, and coherence

Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors

托福独立写作4分

An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:

Effectively addresses the topic and task well, though some points may not be fully elaborated

Is well generally organized and well developed, using appropriate and sufficient explanations, exemplification, and/or details

Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though it may contain occasional redundancy, digression or unclear connections

Displays facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and range of vocabulary, though it may have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning.

托福独立写作3分

An essay at this level is marked by one or more of the following:

Addresses the topic and task well using somewhat developed explanations, exemplification, and/or details

Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though connections of ideas may be occasionally obscured

May demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning.

May display accurate but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary

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